Magnetic and mechanical hardening of Fe-based alloys

Magnetic properties of stainless steels at room and cryogenic temperatures

“…This is because the more homogenous, coarser carbide microstructure produced by full annealing resists mechanical deformation less than the finer microstructure of process annealed steels. Experimentally there is clear evidence that magnetic hardness of stainless steels is correlated with mechanical hardness [3,5,25,26]. Table 3 shows that, indeed, in every case the steels reported in the ASM Handbook have a lower Brinell hardness than the steels tested in our work.…”

Complex magnetic and microstructural investigation of duplex stainless steel

“…During embrittlement, coercivity changes only a small amount, but due to spinodal decomposition, the Curie temperature increases [8]. It was also verified that the precipitation of the a 0 particles within the a-phase increased the coercitive force (H c ) and the mechanical hardening after heat treatment on 475 8C [9]. Formerly, the kinetics of the a/g transformation was monitored by magnetic methods [10].…”

Anti-aging treatment of nuclear power plant steel

“…Several methods are available to detect the spinodal decomposition in stainless steels, and those methods have been reviewed comprehensively by Lo et al [30]. These include the acoustic method that measures the change in the longitudinal wave velocity due to the change of lattice parameter of ferrite phase [31], anodic and polarisation method to detect the Cr-rich and Fe-rich areas [32], electrical property method [33], TEP variation method [34], embrittlement measurement method [35], automated ball indentation method [36], magnetic method by measuring the coercive force [37] magnetic transition temperature [38] and AC magnetic susceptibility [39], etc. TEP measurement is a convincing method to detect spinodal decomposition in ferrite.…”