In 112-type iron-based superconductors (IBSs), rare earth (e.g. La) doping enhanced antiferromagnetic (AFM) order and 3d transition-metal (e.g. Co, Ni) doping induced reemergence of superconductivity (SC) in the over-doped regime (non-SC) are of particular interest, providing a significant opportunity to further understand the relationship between SC and AFM order in IBSs. Recently, 4d transition-metal Pd-doped 112-type Ca 1-y La y Fe 1-x Pd x As 2 (x>0.2, 0y0.3) compounds, which crystallized in new orthorhombic and tetragonal structures, have been identified (Inorg. Chem. 56 3030 (2017)). However, none of them exhibit SC, probably due to the oversubstitution of Pd for Fe. Here, to reveal the impact of slight Pd doping on the over-doped Ca 1-y La y FeAs 2 and compare to 3d Co/Ni doping series, single crystals of Ca 0.755 La 0.245 Fe 1-x Pd x As 2 with 0x0.08 are successfully grown using the self-flux method. We find that, upon only a small amount of Pd doping (x=0.013), bulk SC with a maximum T c of 28.5 K is reemerged, in contrast to the case with high Pd doping level. Moreover, based on the electrical resistivity and magnetization data, we construct the temperaturecomposition (T-x) phase diagram, the shape of which, particularly for the region where the AFM and SC phases coexist microscopically, is almost identical to that of Ca 0.76 La 0.24 Fe 1-x Ni x As 2 , but is distinctly different from that of Ca 0.74 La 0.26 Fe 1-x Co x As 2 , presumably due to the presence of complex doping mechanism in 112-type IBSs. Finally, for one selected single crystal with x=0.013, superconducting properties including critical current density, vortex pinning mechanism, and vortex diagram are systematically studied by magnetization, magneto-optical imaging, and magnetoresistivity measurements. Our work provided more insight into the phase diagrams and superconducting properties of 112-type IBSs, allowing better understanding of its superconducting mechanism and developing the potential applications.