Magnetic Assembled Anode Combining PbO₂ and Sb-SnO₂ Organically as An Effective and Sustainable Electrocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment with Adjustable Attribution and Construction

Abstract

A new electrode consisting of a Ti/PbO 2 shell as main electrode (ME) and numerous Fe 3 O 4 /Sb-SnO 2 granules as auxiliary electrodes (AEs) was developed for flexible electrochemical oxidation (EO) treatment of wastewater. Material and electrochemical characterizations were carried out to study the impacts of the loading amount of the AEs on the attribution and construction of the electrode. Lignin, a complex group of polymeric macromolecules, was selected as the representative actual contaminant to test the real EO capability of the assembled electrodes with different AE loading amounts. The stability and recyclability of the electrodes were also investigated. Results showed that the roughness and the surface area of the electrode were increased with the increased loading amount of AEs, while improvement of the electrode properties was achieved only with the appropriate amounts of AEs. The optimum AE loading (such as 0.25 and 0.5 g on 6 cm 2 ME) boosted the EO performance of the anode toward lignin by ∼20%, making the electrode more capable in benzene ring opening. Excessive AEs were found to be unavailing, which only increased the percentage of the less accessible catalytic active sites. Moreover, a preliminary operating mechanism of this 2.5D electrode was proposed to evaluate the effect of AEs and further reveal the relationships of structure and activity of the 2.5D electrode. Finally, the electrode's lifetime was lengthened and further boosted via loading AEs and the subsequent recycling of AEs.

Sulfite Lignin Nanoparticles and Nanovesicles as Biologically Active Crop Growth Stimulants

“…In addition to the above, LS are widely used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the production of hybrid nanocomposites, most often built according to the “core–shell” type. − …”

Pb-0.6%Sb/α-PbO2/β-PbO2-MnO2 Electrode Electrodeposited In Methanesulfonic Acid With Application To The Electrocatalytic Degradation of AYR Wastewater

“…AYR wastewater is a typical representative azo dye wastewater, which has impacted the growth of aquatic creatures and human health for ages [7,8]. For the composition of benzene rings and azo bond of the AYR molecule, AYR wastewater is hard to be degraded.…”

Fabrication and characterization of titanium‐based lead dioxide electrode by electrochemical deposition with Ti4O7 particles

“…Anode is the core of electrochemical oxidation water treatment technology, of which properties directly determine the performance of the technology to a great extent (Yuan et al., 2019). Favorable anode materials are characterized as high stability, great corrosion resistance, good conductivity, strong catalytic activity, and relatively low cost (Shao et al., 2018). The anode types currently reported in literature include PbO 2 electrode (Jia, Kai, Hao, & Wei, 2019), Sb‐SnO 2 electrode (Duan, Hu, Ji, Yang, & Sun, 2018; Shao et al., 2019; Zhang, Xu, He, & Zhang, 2014; Zhang, Shao, Lyu, Tan, & Ren, 2019; Zhou et al., 2019), Ir/Ru electrode (Kaur, Kushwaha, & Singh, 2019a, 2019b; Zhao, Zhang, Chen, Man, & Jiang, 2019), BDD electrode (Carneiro et al., 2018; Siedlecka et al., 2018; Zhu et al., 2018), noble metal electrode (Fernandes, Santos, Pacheco, Ciríaco, & Lopes, 2014), and graphite electrode (Mu’azu, Al‐Yahya, Al‐Haj‐Ali, & Abdel‐Magid, 2016).…”