“…These improvements can be achieved using MNPs or magnetic nanocomposites because of their unique properties such as strong superparamagnetic property, low toxicity, biocompatibility, easy preparation, and high adsorption ability. As outlined in Table 2, MNPs in SERS analysis have been used for the detection of proteins [65][66][67][68], cells [69][70][71], toxins [72], drugs [73,74], microorganisms [75][76][77][78], illegal additives [79,80], antigens [81,82], pesticides [83], and genes [84,85]. As mentioned above, gold (Au) nanostructures in the manufacture of SERS substrates are one of the most widely used metallic nanostructures for the plasmonic substrate.…”