Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes: A New Tool for Shepherding Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Magnetic Fields

Vittorio, Orazio; Quaranta, Paola; Raffa, Vittoria; Funel, Niccola; Campani, Daniela; Pelliccioni, Serena; Longoni, Biancamaria; Mosca, Franco; Pietrabissa, Andrea; Cuschieri, Alfred

doi:10.2217/nnm.10.125

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It has been reported that CNTs may behave ferromagnetically, resulting from the presence of magnetic impurities 8 or due to sample synthesis conditions. 9 To examine this, we measured the magnetization versus the magnetic field (the M-H loop) at 300 K for the presently fabricated CNTs, the result of which is shown in Fig. 1 in this figure, the CNTs show a paramagnetic character at room temperature, which agrees with the fact that these CNTs were synthesized by the CVD method without the use of metal catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Enhanced magnetoimpedance effect in Co-based amorphous ribbons coated with carbon nanotubes

Chaturvedi

Stojak

Laurita

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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confidence: 56%

Enhanced magnetoimpedance effect in Co-based amorphous ribbons coated with carbon nanotubes

Chaturvedi

Stojak

Laurita

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The features of micron-scale fibers that dictate their pathogenicity as developed in the traditional fiber pathogenicity paradigm (narrow width, long length and prolonged durability) may need to be modified for high aspect ratio nanomaterials (Donaldson et al, 2011, 2013). For nanofibers such as CNCs or CNF, high aspect ratio may represent the biologically effective dose because their small aerodynamic diameter permits greater lung deposition in the alveoli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung biodurability and free radical production of cellulose nanomaterials

Stefaniak

Seehra

Fix

et al. 2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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The potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials in advanced composites and biomedicine makes it imperative to understand their pulmonary exposure to human health. Here, we report the results on the biodurability of three cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), two cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and a benchmark cellulose microcrystal (CMC) when exposed to artificial lung airway lining fluid (SUF, pH 7.3) for up to 7 days and alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (PSF, pH 4.5) for up to 9 months. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to monitor biodurability and thermogravimetry, surface area, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and free radical generation capacity of the samples were determined (in vitro cell-free and RAW 264.7 cell line models). The CMC showed no measurable changes in crystallinity (xCR) or crystallite size D in either SUF or PSF. For one CNC, a slight decrease in xCR and D in SUF was observed. In acidic PSF, a slight increase in xCR with exposure time was observed, possibly due to dissolution of the amorphous component. In a cell-free reaction with H2O2, radicals were observed; the CNCs and a CNF generated significantly more ●OH radicals than the CMC (p<0.05). The ●OH radical production correlates with particle decomposition temperature and is explained by the higher surface area to volume ratio of the CNCs. Based on their biodurability, mechanical clearance would be the primary mechanism for lung clearance of cellulose materials. The production of ●OH radicals indicates the need for additional studies to characterize the potential inhalation hazards of cellulose.

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“…13 Furthermore, MNP-labeled cells that are transplanted in living rats can be manipulated in order to alter biodistribution and enable their accumulation in the intended target organ. 14 The retention of magnetic responsive cells can be enhanced using an external magnetic field produced by a magnet 15 that is focused on the area of interest. This study represents the first step in the exploitation of MNPs to enhance nerve regeneration in injured nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-l-lysine-coated magnetic nanoparticles as intracellular actuators for neural guidance

Riggio

Calatayud

Hoskins

et al. 2012

IJN

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Purpose: It has been proposed in the literature that Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be exploited to enhance or accelerate nerve regeneration and to provide guidance for regenerating axons. MNPs could create mechanical tension that stimulates the growth and elongation of axons. Particles suitable for this purpose should possess (1) high saturation magnetization, (2) a negligible cytotoxic profile, and (3) a high capacity to magnetize mammalian cells. Unfortunately, the materials currently available on the market do not satisfy these criteria; therefore, this work attempts to overcome these deficiencies. Methods: Magnetite particles were synthesized by an oxidative hydrolysis method and characterized based on their external morphology and size distribution (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy [HR-TEM]) as well as their colloidal (Z potential) and magnetic properties (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices [SQUID]). Cell viability was assessed via Trypan blue dye exclusion assay, cell doubling time, and MTT cell proliferation assay and reactive oxygen species production. Particle uptake was monitored via Prussian blue staining, intracellular iron content quantification via a ferrozine-based assay, and direct visualization by dual-beam (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy [FIB/SEM]) analysis. Experiments were performed on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary Schwann cell cultures of the peripheral nervous system. Results: This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of polymer-coated magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 73 ± 6 nm that are designed as magnetic actuators for neural guidance. The cells were able to incorporate quantities of iron up to 2 pg/cell. The intracellular distribution of MNPs obtained by optical and electronic microscopy showed large structures of MNPs crossing the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, thus rendering them suitable for magnetic manipulation by external magnetic fields. Specifically, migration experiments under external magnetic fields confirmed that these MNPs can effectively actuate the cells, thus inducing measurable migration towards predefined directions more effectively than commercial nanoparticles (fluidMAG-ARA supplied by Chemicell). There were no observable toxic effects from MNPs on cell viability for working concentrations of 10 µg/mL (EC 25 of 20.8 µg/mL, compared to 12 µg/ mL in fluidMAG-ARA). Cell proliferation assays performed with primary cell cultures of the peripheral nervous system confirmed moderate cytotoxicity (EC 25 of 10.35 µg/mL). Conclusion: These results indicate that loading neural cells with the proposed MNPs is likely to be an effective strategy for promoting non-invasive neural regeneration through cell magnetic actuation.

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Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes: A New Tool for Shepherding Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Magnetic Fields

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced magnetoimpedance effect in Co-based amorphous ribbons coated with carbon nanotubes

Enhanced magnetoimpedance effect in Co-based amorphous ribbons coated with carbon nanotubes

Lung biodurability and free radical production of cellulose nanomaterials

Poly-l-lysine-coated magnetic nanoparticles as intracellular actuators for neural guidance

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