Magnetic catalysis in nuclear matter

Abstract

A strong magnetic field enhances the chiral condensate at low temperatures. This so-called magnetic catalysis thus seeks to increase the vacuum mass of nucleons. We employ two relativistic field-theoretical models for nuclear matter, the Walecka model and an extended linear sigma model, to discuss the resulting effect on the transition between vacuum and nuclear matter at zero temperature. In both models we find that the creation of nuclear matter in a sufficiently strong magnetic field becomes energetically more costly due to the heaviness of magnetized nucleons, even though it is also found that nuclear matter is more strongly bound in a magnetic field. Our results are potentially important for dense nuclear matter in compact stars, especially since previous studies in the astrophysical context have always ignored the contribution of the magnetized Dirac sea and thus the effect of magnetic catalysis.

Basis-independent treatment of the complex 2HDM

“…[34] (with some corrections subsequently noted in Ref. [49]). In terms of the quark mass-eigenstate fields, the Yukawa Lagrangian in the Φ basis is given by…”

“…as a consequence of tree-level unitarity [49][50][51][52][53][54][55], it follows that the 2HDM with a softly broken Z 2 symmetry and spontaneous CP violation possesses no decoupling limit [56].…”

“…(E9)-(E11) could have been anticipated on these grounds.Using Eqs. (E9)-(E11), one can now derive a useful sum rule, R k3 (R k1 c β − R k2 s β ) q k1 Im(q k2 e −i(ξ+θ 23 ) ) − Im(q 2 k2 e −2i(ξ+θ 23 ) ) = −c 2β Im(Z 6 e iξ ) + 1 2 s 2β Im(Z 5 e 2iξ ) ,(E14)after making use of Eqs (49). and(50).…”

“…We have modified the definition of ρ Q as compared to the one employed in Refs [33,34,49]. by including a factor of e iθ23 .…”

One-loop QCD thermodynamics in a strong homogeneous and static magnetic field

“…Moreover the magnetic field may be assumed uniform because even though the spatial distribution of the magnetic field is globally inhomogeneous, but in the central region of the overlapping nuclei, the magnetic field in the transverse plane varies very smoothly, which is noticed in the hadron-string simulations [9] for Au-Au collisions at √ s N N = 200 GeV with an impact parameter, b = 10 fm. Therefore, a large number of QCD related phenomena are investigated in the strong and homogeneous magnetic field, such as the chiral magnetic effect related to the generation of electric current parallel to the magnetic field due to the difference in number of right and left-handed quarks [10][11][12], the axial magnetic effect due to the flow of energy by the axial magnetic field [13,14], the chiral vortical effect due to an effective magnetic field in the rotating QGP [15,16], the magnetic catalysis and the inverse magnetic catalysis at finite temperature arising due to the breaking and the restoration of the chiral symmetry [17][18][19][20][21], the thermodynamic properties [22][23][24], the refractive indices and decay constant [25,26] of mesons in a hot magnetized medium, the conformal anomaly and the production of soft photons [27,28] at RHIC and LHC, the dispersion relation in a magnetized thermal QED [29], the synchrotron radiation [30], the dilepton production from both the weakly [31][32][33][34] and the strongly [35] coupled plasma etc.…”