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In this study, MnFe 2 O 4 microspheres were synthesized to activate potassium persulfate complex salt (Oxone) for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) in aqueous solutions. The characteristic of MnFe 2 O 4 was detected by XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS. The experimental results indicated that the degradation of 17β-E2 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 25 °C, 17β-E2 concentration of 0.5 mg/L, MnFe 2 O 4 dosage of 100 mg/L, Oxone dosage of 0.5 mmol/L, and initial pH value of 6.5, the decomposition efficiency of 17β-E2 reached 82.9% after 30 min of reaction. Additionally, free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that SO 4 − • and •OH participated in the reaction process of the whole reaction system, with SO 4 − • being the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activation mechanism of the MnFe 2 O 4 /Oxone/17β-E2 system is proposed as follows: MnFe 2 O 4 initially reacts with O 2 and H 2 O in solution to generate active Fe 3+ -OH and Mn 2+ -OH species. Subsequently, Fe 3+ -OH and Mn 2+ -OH react with Oxone in a heterogeneous phase activation process, producing highly reactive free radicals. After four cycles of MnFe 2 O 4 material, the removal rate of 17β-E2 decreased by 24.1%. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-75781-8.
In this study, MnFe 2 O 4 microspheres were synthesized to activate potassium persulfate complex salt (Oxone) for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) in aqueous solutions. The characteristic of MnFe 2 O 4 was detected by XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS. The experimental results indicated that the degradation of 17β-E2 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 25 °C, 17β-E2 concentration of 0.5 mg/L, MnFe 2 O 4 dosage of 100 mg/L, Oxone dosage of 0.5 mmol/L, and initial pH value of 6.5, the decomposition efficiency of 17β-E2 reached 82.9% after 30 min of reaction. Additionally, free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that SO 4 − • and •OH participated in the reaction process of the whole reaction system, with SO 4 − • being the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activation mechanism of the MnFe 2 O 4 /Oxone/17β-E2 system is proposed as follows: MnFe 2 O 4 initially reacts with O 2 and H 2 O in solution to generate active Fe 3+ -OH and Mn 2+ -OH species. Subsequently, Fe 3+ -OH and Mn 2+ -OH react with Oxone in a heterogeneous phase activation process, producing highly reactive free radicals. After four cycles of MnFe 2 O 4 material, the removal rate of 17β-E2 decreased by 24.1%. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-75781-8.
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