Magnetic core losses measurement instrumentations and a dynamic hysteresis loss model

Alatawneh, Natheer; Cheng, Mark Ming Cheng; Pillay, Pragasen

doi:10.1109/epec.2009.5420918

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Discussions such as in Refs. [8,[24][25][26][27][28][29] are restricted to mathematical modelling that does not consider the complex interaction of impact factors such as anisotropy, nonlinearity and hysteresis. Concerning experimental measurements, some work is reported in Ref.…”

Section: Instantaneous Magnetization Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Shilyashki

Pfützner

Bengtsson³

et al. 2022

IET Electric Power Appl

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Traditionally, products of electrical SiFe steel are focussed on applications for frequencies of 50-Hz. However, the recent developments of electric drive systems yielded a strong extension of the range from f = 16 2/3 Hz up to ca. 500 Hz. In spite of high industrial relevance, the literature offers the corresponding data on the material's magnetic energy losses in very rare ways. This paper reports a first comparative, multi-parametric study on eight different steel products that comprise non-oriented steels (NO), grain-oriented steels (GO) and scribed grain-oriented steels (SGO). Consistently at IEC-standardized samples, they were analysed for the whole frequency range that was split into low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF), with 80 Hz as the border. Data is presented on time-averaged total losses P, on the corresponding hysteresis losses P H and eddy current losses P E . LF proved to be governed by P H and MF rather by P E , however, with strong variations. Further, instantaneous magnetization power functions p(φ) were determined for basic insights into the involved temporal developments of energy dissipation. GOsteels yielded profiles close to rectified co-sinus functions that can be fully attributed to dissipative losses. On the other hand, p(t) of NO-steels and SGO-steels prove to include negative segments that reflect potential energy power, in the course of alignments of atomic moments in instants of high induction. Examples of industrial relevance of the accumulated data are steel production technology, product categorization, failure tracing and energy conversion. K E Y W O R D Seddy current effects, grain orientation, hysteresis losses, instantaneous losses, instantaneous power, magnetization power, silicon iron | INTRODUCTIONElectrical steel sheets of silicon iron are of high industrial relevance, due to their almost universal use for soft magnetic cores of electric machines. Traditionally, the production of core steel is focussed at applications for grid frequencies f of 50 and 60 Hz, respectively. As a matter of fact, almost all literature on aspects of magnetic energy losses are concentrated on these values. On the other hand, in recent times, word-wide developments were started to implement electric drive systems in general ways. This involves a large range of frequency f, starting with 16 2/3 Hz, up to 400 Hz. In some detail, it includes the following frequency key values: 16 2/3 Hz for train drives 25 Hz for train drives in countries like North America 50 Hz world-wide, the most frequent general grid frequency 60 Hz the grid frequency in parts of America and Asia 80 Hz being relevant for f-controlled drives, among others 400 Hz for aircrafts, sub-marines etc. 500 Hz (or even higher) for currently developed drive systemsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Instantaneous Magnetization Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Shilyashki

Pfützner

Bengtsson³

et al. 2022

IET Electric Power Appl

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been various research efforts towards the integration of the magnetically enhanced inductor designs with on-chip CMOS compatible technology [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. It is always challenging to prepare and fully integrate the magnetic films with the standard CMOS technology.…”

Section: Magneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hysteresis refers to the dependence of the state of a system on its history, which plays a major role for magnetic designs [25,26]. When a ferromagnetic material is magnetized in one direction, it will not relax back to zero magnetization when the imposed magnetizing field is removed.…”

Section: Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the definition of network parameter, we can compute the parameters in Fig. 13 using a Y parameter converted from the simulated or measured S parameter as in equation ( 26): (26) It is common to deploy compact models to describe the behavior of the magnetic core TSV-inductor for circuit simulation. However, such compact models need to be combined the physical guidelines and simulated/measured data to ensure reasonable behavior even for simulations beyond the measurement data range.…”

Section: Equivalent Circuit For Magnetic Core Tsv-inductormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Designers need such capabilities to efficiently optimize the magnetic core TSV-inductor structure to meet various design specifications. Although there are many magnetic core models for the conventional off-chip planar inductor, they do not handle well the vertical on-chip TSV structure [5,[24][25][26][27][28]. Moreover, many models heavily depend on the solution of the complicated differential equations and can hardly be employed in SPICE simulation and design methodology for fast structure parameter tuning or efficient design trade-off [24][25][26].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Core TSV-Inductor Design and Optimization for On-chip DC-DC Converter

Wen

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2022

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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The conventional on-chip spiral inductor consumes a significant top-metal routing area, thereby preventing its popularity in many on-chip applications. Recently through-silicon-via (TSV) based inductor (also known as TSV-inductor) with a magnetic core has been proved to be a viable option for the on-chip DC-DC converter. The operating conditions of these inductors play a major role in maximizing the performance and efficiency of the DC-DC converter. However, there is a critical need to study the design and optimization details of magnetic core TSV-inductors with the unique 3D structure embedding magnetic core. This paper aims to provide a clear understanding of the modeling details of a magnetic core TSV-inductor and a design and optimization methodology to assist efficient inductor design. Moreover, a machine learning assisted model combining physical details and artificial neural network (ANN) is also proposed to extract the equivalent circuit to further facilitate DC-DC converter design. Experimental results show that the optimized TSV-inductor with the magnetic core and air-gap can achieve inductance density improvement of up to 7.7 × and quality factor improvements of up to 1.6 × for the same footprint compared with the TSV-inductor without a magnetic core. For on-chip DC-DC converter applications, the converter efficiency can be improved by up to 15.9% and 6.8% compared with the conventional spiral and TSV-inductor without magnetic core, respectively.

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Iron loss models: A review of simplified models of magnetization losses in electrical machines

Mörée,

Leijon

2024

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Magnetic core losses measurement instrumentations and a dynamic hysteresis loss model

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Magnetic Core TSV-Inductor Design and Optimization for On-chip DC-DC Converter

Iron loss models: A review of simplified models of magnetization losses in electrical machines

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