We address the role played by orbital degeneracy in strongly correlated transition-metal compounds. Specifically, we study the effective spin-orbital model derived for the d 9 ions in a three-dimensional perovskite lattice, as in KCuF 3 , where at each site the doubly degenerate e g orbitals contain a single hole. The model describes the superexchange interactions that depend on the pattern of orbitals occupied and shows a nontrivial coupling between spin and orbital variables at nearest-neighbor sites. We present the ground-state properties of this model, depending on the splitting between the e g orbitals E z , and the Hund's rule coupling in the excited d 8 states, J H . The classical phase diagram consists of six magnetic phases which all have different orbital ordering: two antiferromagnetic ͑AF͒ phases with G-AF order and either x 2 Ϫy 2 or 3z 2 Ϫr 2 orbitals occupied, two phases with mixed orbital ͑MO͒ patterns and A-AF order, and two other MO phases with either C-AF or G-AF order. All of them become degenerate at the multicritical point M ϵ(E z ,J H )ϭ(0,0). Using a generalization of linear spin-wave theory we study both the transverse excitations which are spin waves and spin-andorbital waves, as well as the longitudinal ͑orbital͒ excitations. The transverse modes couple to each other, providing a possibility of measuring the new spin-and-orbital excitations in inelastic neutron spectroscopy. As the latter excitation turns into a soft mode near the M point, quantum corrections to the long-range-order parameter are drastically increased near the orbital degeneracy, and classical order is suppressed in a crossover regime between the G-AF and A-AF phases in the (E z ,J H ) plane. This behavior is reminiscent of that found in frustrated spin models, and we conclude that orbital degeneracy provides a different and physically realizable mechanism which stabilizes a spin liquid ground state due to inherent frustration of magnetic interactions. We also point out that such a disordered magnetic phase is likely to be realized at low J H and low electronphonon coupling, as in LiNiO 2 .
I. NOVEL MECHANISM OF FRUSTRATION NEAR ORBITAL DEGENERACYQuite generally, strongly correlated electron systems involve orbitally degenerate states, 1 such as 3d(4d) states in transition metal compounds, and 4 f (5 f ) states in rare-earth compounds. Yet, the orbital degrees of freedom are ignored in most situations and the common approach is to consider a single correlated orbital per atom which leads to spin degeneracy alone. Indeed, most of the current studies of strongly correlated electrons deal with models of nondegenerate orbitals. The problems discussed recently include mechanisms of ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model, 2 hole propagation and quasiparticles in the t-J model, 3 and magnetic states of the Kondo lattice.4 Of course, in many actually existing compounds the orbital degeneracy is removed by the crystal field, and a single-orbital approach is valid per se. Also, from a fundamental point of view it is often possible ...