Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Km12 lipase: A stable nanobiocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

“…It is evident that immobilization permits to increase the enzyme time of usage [17,18]. Moreover, nanomaterials offer in this context a new opportunity to obtain higher activities for immobilized enzymes [13,[19][20][21]. On the other hand, the very remarkable combination of properties showed by our nanocatalyst can be ascribed to a favourable enzyme orientation on the support, and support surface functionality.…”

“…Although, in the paper of Wang et al [18], MAS1, a laboratory prepared enzyme, showed higher stability and activity, immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) lipase on a XAD1180 resin provided similar results to those observed by Yagiz et al [17]. More recently, magnetic nanomaterials offer in this context a new opportunity [13,[19][20][21], i.e., higher activities of immobilized enzymes, providing: a high surface area support to anchor high payload of enzymes; a facile separation between the product and the catalyst; reduced diffusion limitation, i.e. easy transition from laboratory to industrial scale and reactor scale-up [14,18,22].…”

“…Similar results were shown by Km 12 lipase and Burkholderia sp. enzyme immobilized on Fe 3 O 4 NPs [20,21]. Lipase from Candida antarctica, covalently immobilized on magnetic NPs, in the presence of molecular sieves, achieves an activity of 100%, after 96 h [13].…”

Revisiting the scope and applications of food enzymes from extremophiles

“…However, lipase catalyzed transesterification of these oils is currently a suboptimal process. This is because the enzymes quickly lose their activity due to prolonged exposure to the abovementioned in situ generated compounds and co‐substrates/by‐products such as methanol and glycerol (Badoei‐dalfard, Malekabadi, Karami, & Sargazi, 2019). Ideally, enzymes intended for biofuel production from waste cooking oils must be stable and active at elevated temperatures, high levels of fatty acids, solvents (e.g., methanol and glycerol), and the presence of moisture.…”

“…However, lipase catalyzed transesterification of these oils is currently a suboptimal process. This is because the enzymes quickly lose their activity due to prolonged exposure to the abovementioned in situ generated compounds and co-substrates/by-products such as methanol and glycerol (Badoei-dalfard, Malekabadi, Karami, & Sargazi, 2019).…”