Magnetic Field and Electron Density Data Analysis from Swarm Satellites Searching for Ionospheric Effects by Great Earthquakes: 12 Case Studies from 2014 to 2016

Santis, Angelo De; Marchetti, Dedalo; Spogli, Luca; Cianchini, Gianfranco; Pavón‐Carrasco, F. J.; Franceschi, Giorgiana De; Giovambattista, Rita Di; Perrone, Loredana; Qamili, Enkelejda; Cesaroni, Claudio; Santis, A. De; Ippolito, Alessandro; Piscini, Alessandro; Campuzano, Saioa A.; Sabbagh, Dario; Amoruso, Leonardo; Carbone, Marianna; Santoro, Francesca; Abbattista, Cristoforo; Drimaco, Daniela

doi:10.3390/atmos10070371

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In all of the earthquakes was found a dramatic increase in the number of anomalies between 50 to 90 days before each earthquake. This long-term behavior is similar to those found in Nepal 2015 (De Santis et al, 2017), Mexico 2017 (Marchetti and Akhoondzadeh, 2018), Central Italy (Marchetti et al, 2019a), Indonesia 2018 (Marchetti et al, 2019b) or other big earthquakes worldwide (De Santis et al, 2019). Note that the abovementioned studies performed satellite data in contrast with this study that uses ground-based magnetometers and different methodology.…”

Section: -Discussion and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

Cordaro¹,

Venegas-Aravena²,

Laroze³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Several magnetic measurements and theoretical development from different research groups have shown certain relationship with worldwide geological processes. Secular variation of geomagnetic cut off rigidity, magnetic frequencies, or magnetic anomalies have been linked with spatial properties of active convergent tectonic margin or earthquakes occurrences during recent years. These include the rise of similar fundamental frequencies in the range of micro hertz before Maule 2010, Japan 2011, and Sumatra 2004 earthquakes and the dramatic rise of the cumulative number of magnetic anomalous peaks before several earthquakes as Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017, among others. Currently, all of these measurements have been physically explained by the microcrack generation due uniaxial stress change in rock experiments. The basic physics of these experiments have been used to describe the lithospheric behavior in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory. Due to the dramatic increase in experimental evidence, physical mechanism and theoretical framework, this paper analyses vertical magnetic behavior close to the latest three main earthquakes in Chile: Maule 2010 (Mw8.8), Iquique 2014 (Mw8.2), and Illapel 2015 (Mw8.3). The FFT, Wavelet transform and daily cumulative number of anomalies methods were used during quiet space weather time during one year before and after each earthquake in order to filter space influence. FFT Method confirm the raise of power spectral density in mHz range before one month each earthquake, which decrease to lower values after some months after earthquake occurrence. The cumulative anomalies method exhibited and increase previous to each Chilean earthquake (50–90 days prior earthquakes) similar to those found for Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017. The wavelet analyses also show as similar properties as FFT analysis. However, the lack of physics-based constrain in the wavelet analysis do not allow conclusion as strong as FFT and cumulative methods. By using these results and previous research, it could be stated that these magnetic features could give seismic information from impending events. Additionally, these results could be related to the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere coupling (LAIC effect) and the growth of micro cracks and electrification in rocks described by the seismo-electromagnetic theory.

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Section: -Discussion and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

Cordaro¹,

Venegas-Aravena²,

Laroze³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Limited ground-based observations have been also incorporated. Such an approach demonstrated its powerful capability also in some previous case studies (e.g., Akhoondzadeh et al, 2018;Akhoondzadeh et al, 2019;Marchetti et al, 2019a;Marchetti et al, 2019b;Marchetti et al, 2020), when the view of the earthquake is wider (geosystemic view) and includes all the geolayers involved in the processes (De Santis et al, 2019a;De Santis et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Multiparametric Approach to Study the Preparation Phase of the 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest (California, United States) Earthquake

et al. 2020

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The 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake was the strongest one in the last 20 years in California (United States). In a multiparametric fashion, we collected data from the lithosphere (seismicity), atmosphere (temperature, water vapor, aerosol, and methane), and ionosphere (ionospheric parameters from ionosonde, electron density, and magnetic field data from satellites). We analyzed the data in order to identify possible anomalies that cannot be explained by the typical physics of each domain of study and can be likely attributed to the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC), due to the preparation phase of the Ridgecrest earthquake. The results are encouraging showing a chain of processes that connect the different geolayers before the earthquake, with the cumulative number of foreshocks and of all other (atmospheric and ionospheric) anomalies both accelerating in the same way as the mainshock is approaching.

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“…A promising application of the geomagnetic field monitoring by the Swarm satellite mission to the 2015 Nepal earthquake (M7.8) showed a correlation between the magnetic anomalies and earthquakes temporal pattern 35 . A similar approach, applied to other earthquakes provided promising results 36–41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Precursory worldwide signatures of earthquake occurrences on Swarm satellite data

Santis

Marchetti

Pavón‐Carrasco

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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113

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The study of the preparation phase of large earthquakes is essential to understand the physical processes involved, and potentially useful also to develop a future reliable short-term warning system. Here we analyse electron density and magnetic field data measured by Swarm three-satellite constellation for 4.7 years, to look for possible in-situ ionospheric precursors of large earthquakes to study the interactions between the lithosphere and the above atmosphere and ionosphere, in what is called the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC). We define these anomalies statistically in the whole space-time interval of interest and use a Worldwide Statistical Correlation (WSC) analysis through a superposed epoch approach to study the possible relation with the earthquakes. We find some clear concentrations of electron density and magnetic anomalies from more than two months to some days before the earthquake occurrences. Such anomaly clustering is, in general, statistically significant with respect to homogeneous random simulations, supporting a LAIC during the preparation phase of earthquakes. By investigating different earthquake magnitude ranges, not only do we confirm the well-known Rikitake empirical law between ionospheric anomaly precursor time and earthquake magnitude, but we also give more reliability to the seismic source origin for many of the identified anomalies.

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Magnetic Field and Electron Density Data Analysis from Swarm Satellites Searching for Ionospheric Effects by Great Earthquakes: 12 Case Studies from 2014 to 2016

Cited by 58 publications

References 50 publications

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

A Multiparametric Approach to Study the Preparation Phase of the 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest (California, United States) Earthquake

Precursory worldwide signatures of earthquake occurrences on Swarm satellite data

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