Magnetic field effect on melanophores of the European whitefish <i>Coregonus lavaretus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) and vendace <i>Coregonus albula</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Salmonidae) during early embryogenesis

Italian Journal of Animal Science

2019

Section: Reaction Of Embryo Melanophores To Magnetic Fieldsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of static magnetic field on melanophores in the sea trout (Salmo truttam.truttaLinnaeus, 1758) embryos and larvae

Brysiewicz

Italian Journal of Animal Science

2019

“…Constant exposure to an SMF from the moment of fertilization delayed the appearance of the pigment in European whitefish embryos, since melanophores in the eyes were visible from 92 D° in the embryos exposed in the fields of 1 and 3 mT and from 105 D° in those exposed in 5 mT, while in the control the first eye melanophores appeared after 86.5 D°. A similar delay in the appearance of eye melanophores was observed in the vendace: the first melanophores (in eyes) appeared in the control after 97.5 D°, and they appeared in an SMF of 1 mT after 11 D°, in 3 mT after 119.5 D°, and in 5 mT after 125 D° [ 51 ]. A similar dependence was observed in the African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchel)) ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 65%

“…With increasing intensity of the field, their appearance was increasingly delayed: they appeared at 146 D° in 1 mT, at 162.5 D° in 3 mT, and at 173.5 D° in 5 mT. Moreover, the MF caused a decrease in the number of pigment cells in the embryo’s body, and the value of the melanophore index (melanophore index: the value describing the degree of dispersion or aggregation of melanin inside pigment cells; 1: maximum aggregation; 5: maximum dispersion; 2, 3, and 4: intermediate stages) decreased with increasing intensity of the field [ 51 ]. A somewhat different reaction of pigment cells on the yolk sac and body was observed in developing vendace embryos: the first melanophores in the embryos incubated in an MF of 1 mT appeared after 158 D°.…”

Section: Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Anthropogenic Magnetic Field on the Early Developmental Stages of Fishes—A Review

Korzelecka-Orkisz

Tański

2021

IJMS

The number of sources of anthropogenic magnetic and electromagnetic fields generated by various underwater facilities, industrial equipment, and transferring devices in aquatic environment is increasing. These have an effect on an array of fish life processes, but especially the early developmental stages. The magnitude of these effects depends on field strength and time of exposure and is species-specific. We review studies on the effect of magnetic fields on the course of embryogenesis, with special reference to survival, the size of the embryos, embryonic motor function, changes in pigment cells, respiration hatching, and directional reactions. We also describe the effect of magnetic fields on sperm motility and egg activation. Magnetic fields can exert positive effects, as in the case of the considerable extension of sperm capability of activation, or have a negative influence in the form of a disturbance in heart rate or developmental instability in inner ear organs.

“…Eye pigmentation of Coregonus albula embryos (132°C days; D°) in magnetic fields: (a) geomagnetic field (control), (b) 1 mT, (c) 3 mT, (d) 5 mT. from Brysiewicz et al, …”

Section: Effect Of Magnetic Fields On Embryogenesis and Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoreception in fish

Journal of Fish Biology

Korzelecka-Orkisz

Tański

2019

Self Cite

Magnetoreception is the ability of organisms to perceive magnetic fields in the surrounding environment and changes in its properties such as field direction, intensity and gradient, where the effect on organisms can manifest as an array of reactions. As the magnetic sense is found in many taxa, both evolutionarily young and old, it can be assumed that magnetoreception came into existence as one of the first sensory systems. Many studies on the effect of magnetic fields on fishes have considered both fishes that migrate for long distances and those that are more or less sedentary. Research has focused on tracing the perception of the geomagnetic field by fishes and understanding magnetic fields that are smaller and larger than the ambient Earth's geomagnetic field. The question of the effect of magnetic fields of values higher than the Earth's is gaining importance with the increasing effect of anthropogenic magnetic and electromagnetic fields in aquatic ecosystems. This review draws together the results of studies on the effect and reception of natural and human‐generated magnetic fields on fishes at various stages of ontogeny, chronologically arranged from gametes, through embryonic development, embryonic and larval motor function, directional reactions of embryos and larvae, orientation of fishes, to the mechanisms of magnetic field reception. The present state of knowledge indicates a common nature of effect on various ontogenetic stages of fishes. However, understanding of the mechanisms of magnetic sense in fishes and its relevance for ecological outcomes highlights that further progress requires more detailed research.