Magnetic field effect on the transient freezing of copper–water nanofluid flow in the channel using enthalpy-porosity technique

Significance of nanoparticle radius, inter‐particle spacing, inclined magnetic field, and space‐dependent internal heating: The case of chemically reactive water conveying copper nanoparticles

“…The addition of 𝐶𝑢 nanoparticles in water tends to increase the recirculation rate and boost boiling heat transfer [17]. A thorough examination of the analysis of inclined magnetic field can be referred to as an open question based on the aforementioned published articles and other related published facts on the dynamics of water conveying copper nanoparticles between non-parallel plane by Sari et al [18], stagnation flow of such nanofluid due to forced convection and suction by Bachok et al [19], through a channel with fixed wall temperature by Fallahnezhad and Nazif [20], on different plate-fin channels (i.e., wavy, perforated, vortex generators, and so on) by Khoshvaght-Aliabadi et al [21], through two-dimensional enclosure based on Ostwald-de Waele model by Santra et al [22], the two-dimensional flow of the fluid through peristaltic walls [23], and the significance of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux on the dynamics of such fluid by Xu and Chen [24].…”

“…[18], stagnation flow of such nanofluid due to forced convection and suction by Bachok et al . [19], through a channel with fixed wall temperature by Fallahnezhad and Nazif [20], on different plate‐fin channels (i.e., wavy, perforated, vortex generators, and so on) by Khoshvaght‐Aliabadi et al . [21], through two‐dimensional enclosure based on Ostwald‐de Waele model by Santra et al .…”

“…Variation in 𝑓(𝜂) with 𝑑 𝑝 when 𝑀 = 0 and 𝑀 = Variation in 𝑓 ′ (𝜂) with 𝑑 𝑝 when 𝑀 = 0 and 𝑀 = 8 Logical answers to the fifth question was obtained when the inclination of the magnetic field 𝛾 = 30 𝑜 , porosity 𝑃 = 0.3, suction parameter 𝑆 = 0.5, inter-particle spacing ℎ = 1, Prandtl number 𝑃 𝑟 = 6.2, Schmidt number 𝑆 𝑐 = 2.0, chemical reaction parameter 𝐾 𝑐 = 0.5, heat source parameter 𝑄 𝑒 = 1, stretching related parameter 𝜆 = 0.5, intensity of heat source 𝑛 = 0.5, viscous dissipation term -Eckert number 𝐸 𝑐 = 3, thermal related Biot related number 𝐵𝑖 𝑡 = 0.2, concentration related number 𝐵𝑖 𝑐 = 0.2, and volume fraction 𝜙 = 0.02. The outcome of the analyses presented as Figure (19) and Figure(20) shows that the velocity along 𝑥− and 𝑦− directions are enhanced with the greater radius of copper nanoparticles (𝑑 𝑝 = 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5). The earlier observed effect of increasing external magnetic strength is ascertained as the minimum velocity of the transport phenomenon is seen at larger values of external magnetic strength (𝑀 = 8) at all the chosen radius of copper nanoparticles.…”