Magnetic Field of a Nerve Impulse: First Measurements

Wikswo, John P.; Barach, John Paul; Freeman, John A.

doi:10.1126/science.7361105

Cited by 191 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This intensity is within the range measured directly within a cm from frog sciatic nerve stimulation [14]. picoTesla strengths are also within the range of median values for intergalactic magnetic fields.…”

Section: Volume 30mentioning

confidence: 51%

Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions

Persinger

2014

ILCPA

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Recent measurements of cerebral quantitative electroencephalographic power densities within the first three harmonics of the earth-ionosphere Schumann resonances and the same order of magnitude for both systems electric and magnetic (pT) fields suggest the possibility of direct intercalation or interaction. The phase modulations of the Schumann propagations and those associated with consciousness are very similar. Quantitative solutions from contemporary values for the physical parameters of the human brain and the earth-ionospheric resonances suggest that electromagnetic information maintained during the first 30 min of experience could be also represented within a property of the (Hilbert) space occupied by the ionospheric wave guide within the earth's magnetic field. Several astronomical phenomena, including gravitational waves and the neutral hydrogen line, display physical properties with magnitudes matching cerebral electromagnetic activity particularly during light sleep. The presence of Schumann frequencies within the human brain may have greater significance than hereto assumed for the human species.

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Section: Volume 30mentioning

confidence: 51%

Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions

Persinger

2014

ILCPA

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“…Our description of the voltage pulse is based on simplifying assumptions regarding membrane properties. Possibly important details, including the existence of magnetic field responses (36) and the existence of free electrons in the membranes (34,37), have not been addressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On soliton propagation in biomembranes and nerves

Heimburg

Jackson

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

509

636

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The lipids of biological membranes and intact biomembranes display chain melting transitions close to temperatures of physiological interest. During this transition the heat capacity, volume and area compressibilities, and relaxation times all reach maxima. Compressibilities are thus nonlinear functions of temperature and pressure in the vicinity of the melting transition, and we show that this feature leads to the possibility of soliton propagation in such membranes. In particular, if the membrane state is above the melting transition solitons will involve changes in lipid state. We discuss solitons in the context of several striking properties of nerve membranes under the influence of the action potential, including mechanical dislocations and temperature changes.sound ͉ action potential ͉ compressibility ͉ Hodgkin-Huxley theory T he lipid membrane is the major building block of biological membranes, which consist mainly of large numbers of different lipids and proteins with a composition specific to the particular membrane under consideration. The isolated lipids of biomembranes display order-disorder transitions in the temperature regime of about Ϫ20°C to ϩ60°C in which membranes absorb heat (25-40 kJ͞mol), and both the lateral order and chain order of the lipid molecules are lost. This transition is accompanied by an increase in volume of Ϸ4% and an increase in area of Ϸ25%. The low and high temperature phases are called solid-ordered and liquid-disordered, respectively, indicating the simultaneous change in lateral crystalline arrangement and chain order. They are also known as gel and fluid phase, respectively. Mixed systems display a wealth of different phase diagrams. The melting profiles of lipid mixtures are therefore generally more complex than those of single lipids and cover a wider temperature range. Both peripheral and integral proteins change lipid melting caused by molecular interactions that influence the cooperative nature of the membrane fluctuations as a whole (1). Fluctuations in volume and area, and the related fluctuations in curvature, give rise to pronounced changes in elastic constants, e.g. compressibilities, bending elasticity, and relaxation times, all of which have maxima in the region of the chain melting transition. It has been suggested on theoretical and experimental grounds that these response functions are all simple functions of the heat capacity (2-4). The sound velocities of lipid dispersions obtained with ultrasonic measurements and the bending elasticities of giant vesicles are practically identical to the profiles calculated from the heat capacity (5-8). Within certain limits, it is thus possible to calculate the response functions from the heat capacity without detailed knowledge of the composition of the lipid mixture. In the transition region, membranes thus become more compressible and easier to bend. Relaxation times grow and are found to be in the range of 10 Ϫ3 s Ϫ1 ⅐min (4, 9). In unilamellar vesicles of single lipids, these changes can be pronounced. In compar...

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“…This "induced transcerebral field" would be the consequence of the billions of conductors sharing the same geomagnetic medium. For comparison the averaged magnetic field of the action potential 1 mm from an isolated sciatic nerve of a frog is between 60 and 125 pT [17]. This distance (1 mm) is very relevant within cerebral cortical space.…”

Section: The Model and Quantitative Soltuionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Billions of Human Brains Immersed Within a Shared Geomagnetic Field: Quantitative Solutions and Implications for Future Adaptations

Persinger

2013

TOBIOJ

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Abstract:The implications for adaptation when billions of human cerebrums are considered weak conductors immersed within the same medium, the geomagnetic field, are examined. Quantitative solutions indicated that the intensity of the "transcerebral" field produced from all human brains within the geomagnetic field is the same order of magnitude as the values associated with cognitive processes and altered expressions of proteins within the individual brain. This convergence could meet one of the criteria for a holographic-like phenomenon. The transition from 6 to 8 billion brains would be associated with shared energies within individual cerebral space whose frequencies increase across the visible electromagnetic wavelength from infrared to ultraviolet. Magnetic diffusivity indicates all brains could be influenced within about 10 minutes. Implications for induced ubiquitous genetic changes, shared modifications in protein sequences associated with memory during dream sleep, and limitations upon the proliferation of the species are discussed.

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Magnetic Field of a Nerve Impulse: First Measurements

Abstract: The magnetic field of the action potential from an isolated frog sciatic nerve was measured by a SQUID magnetometer with a novel room-temperature pickup coil. The 1.2 x 10(-10) tesla field was measured 1.3 millimeters from the nerve with a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 to 1.

Cited by 191 publications

References 9 publications

Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions

Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions

On soliton propagation in biomembranes and nerves

Billions of Human Brains Immersed Within a Shared Geomagnetic Field: Quantitative Solutions and Implications for Future Adaptations

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