Magnetic iron oxides occurring in chernozem soil from Ukraine and Poland as indicators of pedogenic processes

Abstract

The paper concerns the complex study of pedogenic and magnetic characteristics of unpolluted soil profiles from Ukraine (3 profiles, of which two represent chernozem and one kastanozem) and Poland (1 profile of chernozem), all with loess parent material. Two of the profiles were situated further south than the other two. The "southern" zone is characterized by lower precipitation rate and higher annual temperatures than the "northern" zone. Depth variations of magnetic properties obtained with various methods were compared with pedogenic characteristics. The common characteristic of all profiles is enhancement of susceptibility in their upper parts related to the presence of superparamagnetic/single-domain grains of maghemite/oxidized magnetite of pedogenic origin. However, variations of magnetic characteristics measured down depth profiles differ between profiles probably due to differences in climatic conditions and, perhaps, parent loess.

Chernozem (czarnoziem) – soil of the year 2019 in Poland. Origin, classification and use of chernozems in Poland

“…Chernozems in Poland generally have a high content of nutrients (Borowiec 1965;Olszewski et al1965;Licznar 1976;Bieganowski et al 2013;£abaz et al 2018) and low concentrations of chemical contaminants, including heavy metals (Sk³odowski and Sapek 1977;Czarnowska 1989;G¹sior and Partyka 1999;Jeleñska et al 2008;Domañska 2009). However, the content of cadmium and lead in topsoil layers is 3 to 5 times higher compared to buried (Neolithic) chernozems (£abaz et al 2019).…”

Estimation of elemental composition of agricultural soils from West Azerbaijan, Iran, using mid-infrared spectral models

“…Weathering is defined as the alteration of parent materials by physical, chemical and biotic processes (Osat et al, 2016). The most important processes are those related to the chemical transformation of existing minerals, which leads to their depletion (e.g., by hydrolysis, oxidation, hydration or dissolution) and the formation of secondary minerals and hydrous oxides (Jeleńska et al, 2008).…”

Rock magnetic study of grave infill as a key to understanding magnetic anomalies on burial ground

“…The magnetic mineralogy of the natural and archaeological soils we deduce from high‐temperature thermal behaviour of magnetization of samples. Maghemite/oxidized magnetite of pedogenic origin is previously reported to be present in Ukrainian Chernozems; in deep loess horizons, haematite was found (Gorka‐Kostrubiec et al, 2016; Jeleńska et al, 2008).…”