Magnetic Materials and Systems: Domain Structure Visualization and Other Characterization Techniques for the Application in the Materials Science and Biomedicine

Abstract

Magnetic structures have attracted a great interest due to their multiple applications, from physics to biomedicine. Several techniques are currently employed to investigate magnetic characteristics and other physicochemical properties of magnetic structures. The major objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the usage, advances, advantages, and disadvantages of a large number of techniques that are currently available to characterize magnetic systems. The present review, aiming at helping in the choice of the most suitable method as appropriate, is divided into three sections dedicated to characterization techniques. Firstly, the magnetism and magnetization (hysteresis) techniques are introduced. Secondly, the visualization methods of the domain structures by means of different probes are illustrated. Lastly, the characterization of magnetic nanosystems in view of possible biomedical applications is discussed, including the exploitation of magnetism in imaging for cell tracking/visualization of pathological alterations in living systems (mainly by magnetic resonance imaging, MRI).

Nanomaterials with Tailored Magnetic Properties as Adsorbents of Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters

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Magnetic Nanoparticles Behavior in Biological Solutions; The Impact of Clustering Tendency on Sedimentation Velocity and Cell Uptake

“…The broad spectrum of their applications in biomedical setups has recently aroused great interest. Various techniques for characterization of MNPs and utilization, advantages, and disadvantages of biomedical applications of MNPs, such as imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, and drug delivery, have recently been adequately discussed in a review article [1]. Many researchers have investigated nanoparticles for their applications in drug delivery [2][3][4][5][6][7] as well as diagnostic imaging and treatment [8][9][10][11].…”

Smart Tools for Smart Applications: New Insights into Inorganic Magnetic Systems and Materials

“…Nisticò et al [4] reviewed the subjects of the domain structure visualization and other characterization techniques to be applied in materials science and biomedicine. In the review, the current understanding of the usage, advances, advantages, and disadvantages of many techniques currently available to investigate magnetic systems are presented with the aim to help the reader in the choice of the most suitable methodology.…”