Magnetic-motor-root stimulation: Review

Effects of differences in age and body height on normal values of central motor conduction time determined by F-waves

“…Two main methods are used to calculate CMCT; one uses magnetic root stimulation [4][5][6][7] whereas the other uses F-waves. [2][3][4]8,9 The CMCT calculated by subtracting the F-wave latencies from the latencies measured to ADM after transcranial stimulation are slightly shorter than that obtained after magnetic root stimulation.…”

Spinal electro-magnetic stimulation combined with transgene delivery of neurotrophin NT-3 and exercise: novel combination therapy for spinal contusion injury

“…Application of sEMS is considered to be a safe and noninvasive approach for activating central and peripheral nervous systems in humans (Gerasimenko et al 2010;Matsumoto et al 2013). Moreover, our recent study emphasized the safety of spinal sEMS application and suggests that the presence of titanium spinal rods, typically used for spinal stabilization, 1) may not cause problems related to heating or movement of these implants during spinal EMS and 2) does not exert adverse effects on a number of physiological measurements, such as MEPs, heart rate, and respiratory rate during sEMS applied at the thoracic level (Petrosyan et al 2015).…”

Conduction block in thoracic outlet syndrome? The need for motor root stimulation

“…Here, we recommend applying motor-root stimulation (Rossini et al, 1985;Ugawa et al, 1989;Vucic et al, 2006;Matsumoto et al, 2010Matsumoto et al, , 2013; for a current review, see Rossini et al, 2015). TST is an ''indirect'' method to detect conduction block, while motor-root stimulation is a ''direct'' method, capable of revealing conduction block between Erb's point and spinal nerves at the level of the neural foramina.…”

“…TST is an ''indirect'' method to detect conduction block, while motor-root stimulation is a ''direct'' method, capable of revealing conduction block between Erb's point and spinal nerves at the level of the neural foramina. Currently, there are three methods of motor-root stimulation: electrical stimulation using a high-voltage electrical stimulator (Rossini et al, 1985;Ugawa et al, 1989), electrical stimulation using needle electrodes (Vucic et al, 2006) and magnetic stimulation (Ugawa et al, 1989;Matsumoto et al, 2010Matsumoto et al, , 2013. Each of these three types of motor-root stimulation is technically easier than TST.…”

“…Each of these three types of motor-root stimulation is technically easier than TST. Recently, supramaximal stimulation at the neural foramina has also been achieved using all three types of motor-root stimulation (Matsumoto et al, 2013). Since the compression site in true neurogenic TOS is located in the lower part of the brachial plexus (spinal nerve roots and/or lower trunk), apart from spine, motor-root stimulation should reveal conduction block between Erb's point and the neural foramina level.…”