Magnetic nanomaterials-mediated cancer diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

Magnetic nanomaterials have been widely used in various biomedical applications, which have seen accelerating interest since the breakthrough in the chemical synthesis of monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) possess excellent biocompatibility, and they can produce multiple physicochemical effects when exposed to magnetic fields. Due to this rapid development in MIONs for cancer diagnosis and therapy, it becomes necessary to present a comprehensive review paper from the biomedical engineering perspective. This review will present an overview of the recent synthesis methods used in the preparation of magnetic nanomaterials. We will then focus on the application of magnetic nanomaterials in imaging and therapy technology, and we will also evaluate their biosafety in vitro, in vivo, and clinical aspects. The therapeutic effects of magnetic theranostics, magnetocatalytic therapy, magnetically targeted therapy, and magnetothermal therapy under the guidance of imaging diagnosis will also be discussed in this review. Finally, we will briefly analyze the challenges of implementing magnetic nanomaterials as a nano-platform for imaging diagnosis and treatment, and we will also offer suggestions for future research in this field.

Magnetic Nanorings for Biomedical Applications

“…Also, compared to superparamagnetic nanoparticles, nanorings with the vortex-like magnetic state are larger and have a much higher saturation magnetization. Thus, the nanoparticles obtained in this work have microstructural and magnetic properties necessary to be controlled/guided by a magnetic field, enabling the delivery of drugs to specific targets [12,23]. These features of our nanoparticles also allow the absorption of energy transmitted via an alternating magnetic field, a fundamental property for using this material in cancer treatments via magnetic hyperthermia [10,24].…”

“…Within this field, the studies of magnetic nanomaterials have stood out, mainly, with regard to the study and development of nanoparticles with intrinsic properties adequate to therapeutic purposes. Some of the main applications that have been envisioned for magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer are [11,12]: surface functionalization aiming the use in diagnostic imaging; use of nanoparticles as a vector for carrying drugs and the use of treatment techniques for magnetic hyperthermia (overheating) of a tumor tissue. Nanoparticles, especially those that have a vortex state, such as nanorings and nanotubes, in addition to having numerous therapeutic advantages, can cause a reflection in public health spending.…”

Nurturing the marriages of urinary liquid biopsies and nano‐diagnostics for precision urinalysis of prostate cancer

“…In the past few decades, the application of nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and monitoring has garnered increasing attention. 156,157 Nanomaterials are objects and structures with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, and because of their small size, they exhibit physico-chemical properties and functionalities that differ from those exhibited at the micro/macro scale materials, as well as a higher surface area to volume ratio. [158][159][160] Constant advances over the past decade have made it possible to manufacture nanomaterials in different shapes, surface chemistry, and elemental composition.…”

Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy

“…In one of the earliest clinical trials, polystyrene-coated iron oxide NPs were used to enhance MRI of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Table 1 represents a summarised report of iron oxide NPs in clinical trials that have been approved by the Food and Drug Association (FDA) since 1996 [ 18 , 39 , 40 ]. Typical examples of coating agents include dextran/carboxydextran in Ferumoxtran, Ferumoxide and Ferucarbotran; PEG in Feruglose; and aminosilane in Nanotherm™.…”