Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia: A prospect in cancer stem cell tracking and therapy

Synthesis and characterization of magnetite coated by maltodextrin for application in magnetic hyperthermia

“…Between 40 and 42 1C, protein aggregation occurs, and temperatures between 42 and 46 1C result in apoptosis, while temperatures above 46 1C lead to cell necrosis, both resulting in cell death. 7,8,17 To minimize biological damage, apoptosis is preferable to necrosis. 18 Different clinical trials highlight the association of hyperthermia with other treatment methods, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy.…”

“…17 Magnetic hyperthermia is a hyperthermia technique associated with nanotechnology. 17 The success of the technique is attributed to the internalization or deposition of nanoparticles directly into cancer cells, where they will act as transducers to convert electromagnetic energy into thermal energy, i.e., heat, after exposure to an alternating magnetic field within a frequency range and an appropriate field intensity. [22][23][24] When nanoparticles are present in the organism, they circulate through the blood vessels.…”

“…25,26 They are directed to the circulatory system and target tissue. 25,26 The application of the alternating magnetic field causes an increase in the temperature of magnetic nanoparticles and, consequently, in the cell where they are retained, inducing cellular apoptosis or damage to cancer cells, with minimal effects on the surrounding healthy tissues, 6,17,27 because they exhibit better resistance to high temperatures than cancer cells. 24 For achieving optimal treatment outcomes and mitigating biological damage and quality of life loss during therapy, it is crucial to consider the frequency of the magnetic field ( f ) and the intensity amplitude (h) factors, as there is a biological limit.…”

“…Between 40 and 42 °C, protein aggregation occurs, and temperatures between 42 and 46 °C result in apoptosis, while temperatures above 46 °C lead to cell necrosis, both resulting in cell death. 7,8,17 To minimize biological damage, apoptosis is preferable to necrosis. 18…”

“…25,26 They are directed to the circulatory system and target tissue. 25,26 The application of the alternating magnetic field causes an increase in the temperature of magnetic nanoparticles and, consequently, in the cell where they are retained, inducing cellular apoptosis or damage to cancer cells, with minimal effects on the surrounding healthy tissues, 6,17,27 because they exhibit better resistance to high temperatures than cancer cells. 24…”