Magnetic nanoparticles: a versatile carrier for enzymes in bio‐processing sectors

Abstract

Many industrial processes experience the advantages of enzymes which evolved the demand for enzymatic technologies. The enzyme immobilisation technology using different carriers has trustworthy applications in industrial biotechnology as these techniques encompass varied advantages such as enhanced stability, activity along with reusability. Immobilisation onto nanomaterial is highly favourable as it includes almost all aspects of science. Among the various techniques of immobilisation, the uses of nanoparticles are remarkably well perceived as these possess high-specific surface area leading to high enzyme loadings. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are burgeoning in the field of immobilisation as it possess some of the unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, uniform particle size, biocompatibility and particularly the recovery of enzymes with the application of an external magnetic field. Immobilisation of industrially important enzymes onto nanoparticles offers overall combined benefits. In this review, the authors here focus on the current scenario in synthesis and functionalisation of MNPs which makes it more compatible for the enzyme immobilisation and its application in the biotechnological industries.

High Adsorption of α-Glucosidase on Polymer Brush-Modified Anisotropic Particles Acquired by Electrospraying—A Combined Experimental and Simulation Study

“…In this respect, magnetic nanoparticles can be employed because of their facile magnetic separation. Moreover, they are widely used as carrier materials for enzymes, drugs, and so on owing to their biocompatibility . Most importantly, magnetic nanoparticles such as iron (0), Fe 3 O 4 , and so forth can be directly incorporated into the polymer solution while performing electrojetting, which has already been demonstrated by us and others. , Because of their interesting attributes, iron (0) nanoparticles were chosen to be added into the polymeric solution while jetting to yield magnetic particle-loaded polymeric particles aiming to facilitate magnetic force-induced aggregation and separation of particles after enzyme immobilization.…”

ROS-Generating Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Conjugated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Cancer-Targeting Sustained Release Carrier of Doxorubicin

“…In fact, besides using PEG, surface modification by other chemicals such as amino silanes, chitosan, and carbodiimide have been reported to coat and functionalize the nanoparticle surface. 6 In an earlier study, Ali Dabbagh and coworkers have coated MNs with PEG and have exploited the porous nature of the generated nanoparticles for DOX encapsulation and controlled release. 7 Recently, different thermosensitive agents have also been used to coat the surface of MNs to prevent uncontrolled leakage of encapsulated pharmaceuticals.…”

Improvement on Reusability, Storage Stability and Thermal Stability of Magnetic Graphene Oxide- Immobilized Cholesterol Oxidase

“…Several support materials that have been used to immobilize enzymes in the development of biosensors are cellulose acetate, sol-gel, polyvinyl chloride, perlite, etc., including chitosan and silicon dioxide that was studied as ChOx support previously 8),9) . Out of the support materials that have been used to immobilize enzymes, graphene oxide is considered to be a promising one for biosensor applications 10) .…”