Magnetic nonvolatile flip-flops with spin-Hall assistance for power gating in ternary systems

Breaking the Limits in Ternary Logic: An Ultra-Efficient Auto-Backup/Restore Nonvolatile Ternary Flip-Flop Using Negative Capacitance CNTFET Technology

“…We have performed a quantitative comparison between the noise margin of the 2-transistors NC-CNTFET-based Schmitt trigger STI (237mV, 39% of V DD ), the conventional 6-transistors (6T) STI [37] (129mV), and the conventional 2transistors binary inverter (208mV). The conventional 6T STI and binary inverter gates have efficiently been designed and optimized based on the baseline CNTFET technology to have a fair meaningful comparison.…”

“…The conventional 6T STI and binary inverter gates have efficiently been designed and optimized based on the baseline CNTFET technology to have a fair meaningful comparison. Notably, the CNTFETs of the conventional 6T STI require different flat-band voltages for the correct operation [37], which is an innate shortcoming.…”

“…In this structure, conventional 6T STI gates are utilized in both master and slave ternary latches. The conventional ternary FF suffers from two major issues: (1) unable to operate as a nonvolatile memory cell during a power outage, and (2) a high number of transistors and, thereby, energy dissipation [37].…”

“…The proposed TNVFF demonstrate a reasonable clock-to-Q fan-out-of-four (FO4) delay (30ps) due to the small inherent capacitors and the high current delivery of NC-CNTFETs. However, it is higher than the delays of the TNVFFs presented in [37] and [45]. The restore time and energy dissipation of the proposed TNVFF are measured between the power supply's activation (when its amplitude reaches to 0.5V DD ) and the moment that the voltage of the node Q reaches to V DD /4 for logic "1" and V DD /2 for logic "2" and "0", respectively.…”

Design and analysis of SHE-assisted STT MTJ/CMOS logic gates

“…The SHE+STT switching technique has proved to be not only faster but also energy efficient. Using SHE+STT switching mechanism, various applications such as memory [62,63], flip flop [64,65], full adder [66,67], and recently basic logic gates [68,69] have already been developed. However the logic gates developed in Ref.…”