Magnetic phase diagram and cluster glasslike properties of stage-1 graphite-intercalated FeCl3

Abstract

We present a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of stage-1 graphite intercalated FeCl 3 using a combination of DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, thermoremanent magnetization, and field-dependent magnetization measurements. This van der Waals system, with a centrosymmetric honeycomb lattice, combines frustration and disorder, due to intercalation, and may be hosting topologically nontrivial magnetic phases. Our study identifies two magnetic phase transitions at T f 1 ≈ 4.2 K and at T f 2 ≈ 2.7 K. We find that the paramagnetic state, for T > T f 1 , is dominated by short-range ferromagnetic correlations. These build up well above T f 1 and lead to a significant change in magnetic entropy, which reaches S Pk M = −5.52 J kg −1 K −1 at 7 T. Between T f 1 and T f 2 , we observe slow spin dynamics characteristic of a cluster glasslike state, whereas for T < T f 2 , our results indicate the onset of a low-temperature long-range ordered state. The analysis of the experimental results leads to a complex phase diagram, which may serve as a reference for future investigations searching for topological nontrivial phases in this system.

Two-step movement of tsunami boulders unveiled by modified viscous remanent magnetization and radiocarbon dating

“…The decay of the remanent magnetization follows a stretched exponential function: where is the magnetization at time , is the original remanent magnetization intensity, is the characteristic relaxation time, and is the stretching exponent, where = 1 for identical SD particles and 0 1 for aggregates with a broad relaxation time distribution[e.g., 31 ]. The exponent is used as a dispersion factor from an aggregate of identical SD grains 17 , and the curvature (shape) of the relaxation and stability curves for VRM dating are quantified.…”