Magnetic phase diagram of gadolinium gallium garnet

Hov, S.; Bratsberg, H.; Skjeltorp, A. T.

doi:10.1016/0304-8853(80)91128-2

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1. In particular, the field range of an asymptotically ordered quasicollinear state coincides roughly with a region for a field-induced ordering observed in Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 [3].…”

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confidence: 61%

“…Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (S = 7/2) is another frustrated magnet on a related three-dimensional garnet lattice of corner-sharing triangles, which is often called a hyper-kagomé lattice. This magnet has a weak exchange constant J ∼ 1 K and a peculiar unexplained phase diagram in magnetic field [3]. Motivated by the above materials with large values of spin we investigate in this Letter the finite-temperature magnetization process of a classical antiferromagnet on the kagomé lattice.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

2002

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The thermal order by disorder effect in magnetic field is studied for a classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagomé lattice. Using analytical arguments we predict a unique H-T phase diagram for this strongly frustrated magnet: states with a coplanar and a uniaxial triatic order parameters respectively at low and high magnetic fields and an incompressible collinear spin-liquid state at a one-third of the saturation field. We also present the Monte Carlo data which confirm existence of these phases.

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“…1. In particular, the field range of an asymptotically ordered quasicollinear state coincides roughly with a region for a field-induced ordering observed in Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 [3].…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

2002

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“…[13] Of these, gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), which shows no long-range ordering down to 25 mK, has been established as a MCM for magnetic refrigeration in the liquid helium temperature regime. The absence of long-range ordering, high density of magnetic ions, chemical stability, and lack of single ion anisotropy (L = 0 for Gd 3+ ) allowing for the full magnetic entropy) to be extracted in high magnetic fields makes it an ideal MCM for T < 20 K. [14][15][16] In recent years, a number of Gd containing MCMs with better performance at 2 K have been reported [17][18][19][20] but GGG continues to be used and serves as the benchmark for MCMs in this temperature regime. However, for all the Gd-based magnetocalorics, the change in magnetic entropy is maximized in fields of 5 T or higher.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…) to be extracted in high magnetic fields makes it an ideal MCM for T < 20 K. [14][15][16] In recent years, a number of Gd containing MCMs with better performance at 2 K have been reported [17][18][19][20] but GGG continues to be used and serves as the benchmark for MCMs in this temperature regime. However, for all the Gd-based magnetocalorics, the change in magnetic entropy is maximized in fields of 5 T or higher.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect from Cr Substitution in Ising Lanthanide Gallium Garnets Ln₃CrGa₄O₁₂ (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho)

Mukherjee

Dutton

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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A detailed study on the crystal structure and bulk magnetic properties of Cr substituted Ising type lanthanide gallium garnets Ln 3 CrGa 4 O 12 (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho) is carried out using room temperature powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, isothermal magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) where the geometry of the magnetic lattice prevents all the nearest-neighbor magnetic interactions from being satisfied simultaneously. [8] This suppresses or in some cases, completely inhibits magnetic longrange ordering. Geometrically frustrated magnets (GFMs) typically show ordering features at T 0 ∼ θ CW /10 where θ CW is the Curie-Weiss temperature, thereby suppressing the ordering temperature. [9] In complex lanthanide oxides, the highly localized 4f orbitals have weak magnetic interactions, i.e., θ CW is small and so when the magnetic lattice is frustrated, ordering is suppressed to even lower T. The theoretical magnetic entropy that can be extracted is much higher than in transition metal compounds. GFMs with Ln 3+ ions are therefore ideal candidates for sub 20 K magnetocaloric materials (MCMs). Another advantage is that the lanthanides are chemically very similar but their magnetic properties vary widely. This allows tuning of the properties for optimization of the MCE. [10][11][12] The lanthanide gallium garnets, Ln 3 Ga 5 O 12, are a family of materials, where the magnetic Ln 3+ spins form two interpenetrating networks of ten membered-rings of corner-sharing triangles leading to a high degree of geometrical frustration. [13] Of these, gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), which shows no long-range ordering down to 25 mK, has been established as a MCM for magnetic refrigeration in the liquid helium temperature regime. The absence of long-range ordering, high density of magnetic ions, chemical stability, and lack of single ion anisotropy (L = 0 for Gd 3+ ) allowing for the full magnetic entropy) to be extracted in high magnetic fields makes it an ideal MCM for T < 20 K. [14][15][16] In recent years, a number of Gd containing MCMs with better performance at 2 K have been reported [17][18][19][20] but GGG continues to be used and serves as the benchmark for MCMs in this temperature regime. However, for all the Gd-based magnetocalorics, the change in magnetic entropy is maximized in fields of 5 T or higher. Such high magnetic fields can only be produced using a superconducting magnet which again requires cooling using cryogens. For more practical applications, we need to focus on developing materials with high MCE in fields ≤ 2 T, attainable by a permanent magnet. This has been discussed in a recent study on Tb(HCO 2 ) 3 where the MCE is significantly higher than Gd(HCO 2 ) 3 at higher temperatures and lower fields as the Tb 3+ have Ising-like spins contrasted with the Heisenberg nature of the Gd 3+ spins. [21] For Ln 3 Ga 5 O 12 , the MCE in fields ≤2 T is expected to be maximized for the Ln 3+ having Ising-like spins, Magnetic Materials

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“…The interesting physics in this compound is derived directly from the peculiar structure, Gd ions positioned on two interpenetrating hyperkagome lattices (see Fig. 1), and the effect of the long-range dipolar interactions on the ground state.Experimentally, GGG presents no evidence of conventional long-range ordering down to 25 mK [6]. Short-range correla-* elsa.lhotel@neel.cnrs.fr † Present address: ESAB AB, Lindholmsallén 9, SE-402 77 Gothenburg, Sweden.…”

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Absence of magnetic ordering and field-induced phase diagram in the gadolinium aluminum garnet

et al. 2017

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The robustness of spin liquids with respect to small perturbations, and the way magnetic frustration can be lifted by slight changes in the balance between competing magnetic interactions, remains a rich and open issue. We address this question through the study of the gadolinium aluminum garnet Gd 3 Al 5 O 12 , a related compound to the extensively studied Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 . We report on its magnetic properties at very low temperatures. We show that despite a freezing at about 300 mK, no magnetic transition is observed, suggesting the presence of a spin-liquid state down to the lowest temperatures, similarly to Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 , in spite of a larger ratio between exchange and dipolar interactions. Finally, the phase diagram as a function of field and temperature is strongly reminiscent of the one reported in Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 . This study reveals the robust nature of the spin-liquid phase for Gd ions on the garnet lattice, in stark contrast to Gd ions on the pyrochlore lattice for which a slight perturbation drives the compound into a range of magnetically ordered states. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.220413 In the last few decades, great interest has been devoted to the study of frustrated systems. In particular, in geometrically frustrated magnetic systems, a competition between exchange energies is induced by the geometry of the lattice. It prevents conventional magnetic ordering, resulting in exotic correlations and ground states that can remain disordered down to zero temperature [1]. Additional perturbations such as exchange interactions beyond the nearest-neighbor exchange, dipolar interactions, quantum fluctuations, or disorder can then play a crucial role and select a unique ground state in the system. The characterization of the robustness of the frustrated ground states with respect to these perturbations is thus an important question.Among the lattices that are prone to exhibit magnetic frustration, an interesting example is the hyperkagome structure, a three-dimensional lattice of corner-sharing triangles. Few realizations of such a structure have been discovered. The main examples are the garnets of formula X 3 A 2 B 3 O 12 (with X a magnetic element, and A,B nonmagnetic elements), the iridate compound Na 4 Ir 3 O 8 [2][3][4], and more recently PbCuTe 2 O 6 [5]. While the last two compounds are studied for their properties related to quantum effects, many studies on the frustration in magnetic garnets have focused on the gadolinium gallium garnet GGG (formula Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ), considered as an archetypal system to study the classical Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic interactions on the hyperkagome lattice. The interesting physics in this compound is derived directly from the peculiar structure, Gd ions positioned on two interpenetrating hyperkagome lattices (see Fig. 1), and the effect of the long-range dipolar interactions on the ground state.Experimentally, GGG presents no evidence of conventional long-range ordering down to 25 mK [6]. Short-range correla-* elsa.lhotel@neel.cnrs.fr † Present addr...

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Magnetic phase diagram of gadolinium gallium garnet

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect from Cr Substitution in Ising Lanthanide Gallium Garnets Ln₃CrGa₄O₁₂ (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho)

Absence of magnetic ordering and field-induced phase diagram in the gadolinium aluminum garnet

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Magnetic phase diagram of gadolinium gallium garnet

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet

Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect from Cr Substitution in Ising Lanthanide Gallium Garnets Ln3CrGa4O12 (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho)

Absence of magnetic ordering and field-induced phase diagram in the gadolinium aluminum garnet

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Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect from Cr Substitution in Ising Lanthanide Gallium Garnets Ln₃CrGa₄O₁₂ (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho)