“…In this regard, the MCRs of benzyl or benzoin with aldehydes, and primary amines or ammonium acetate is one of the most convenient protocols for synthesis of multi-substituted imidazole derivatives. [127][128][129][130] Following this issue, numerous heterogenous or homogenous catalytic systems including ZSM-11 or HY zeolite, dimethylpyridinium trinitromethanide, 3-picolinic acid, silica sulfuric acid, ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 -β-cyclodextrin, nano-Al-MCM-41, triethylammonium acetate as an ionic liquid, I 2 , Kegin-type hetero polyacids, chitosancoated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 -PEG-Cu, Bohemite nanoparticles, silica choloride, 2,6-pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica nanospheres, (N 2 H 5 ) 2 SiF 6 , magnetic polyborate nanoparticles 131 and Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 decorated trimesic acid-melamine have been employed for the multicomponent synthesis of desired imidazole derivatives 70,100,[132][133][134][135][136] . Although these mentioned methods have several advantages, they suffer from several disadvantages such as using hazardous or expensive reagents, pollution created during the catalyst preparation, low stability or recyclability of the catalysts and also low yields of the desired products, long reaction times and di cult work-up procedures.…”