Magnetic properties of Co/Ge(111) films: effects of growth temperatures

Tsay, Jyh-Jong; Chen, Y. T.; Cheng, Wei-Jen; Wang, K. C.; Yao, Y. D.

doi:10.1002/pssb.200777388

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nanometer-sized clusters, films, rods of nickel, cobalt, and iron have attracted great interest in the modern study of magnetic materials, with which exotic devices, such as microcapsules, switches,and high-density data storage, are fabricated. − The chemical and physical properties of these nanomaterials can vary with their atomic structure, composition, and dimension. − In addition to the traditional means of X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, , scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), renowned for its molecular resolution capability, has been used to examine the spatial and electronic structures of nanometer-sized cobalt features …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Cobalt on a Pt(111) Electrode Covered with a Cu(111) Film

Yen

Chen

et al. 2011

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Electrodeposition is an inexpensive alternative to the conventional molecular beam epitaxy technique used to fabricate artificial magnetic materials, such as cobalt thin film. Reported here is a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study on the electrodeposition of Co on a Pt(111) single-crystal electrode precoated with a Cu thin film in 0.1 M KClO4 + 1 mM HCl + 0.04 M CoCl2 (pH 3). Deposition of Co started with the nucleation of nanometer-sized clusters preferentially at pits on the Cu support, followed by lateral expansion and coalescence of Co nuclei to form a uniform Co layer. Normally a few Co layers would grow simultaneously to produce a smooth Co deposit until the 12th layer. Cobalt grew in three dimensions afterward. Atomic-resolution STM imaging showed that the first Co layer assumed a double-lined pattern, which was lifted by the deposition of another layer of Co. The second Co layer exhibited a hollow-ring pattern, which transformed into a moiré pattern and triangular pits at the third Co layer. The moiré pattern gained prominence at the expense of the triangular pits as the Co deposit thickened. The amplitude of the intensity modulation of the moiré pattern decreased with the thickness of the Co deposit and eventually became indiscernible at the 12th layer. These restructuring events resulted from a gradual release of the stress at the Co/Cu interface. Since the morphology of the copper substrate was hardly changed by the deposition of cobalt, mixing at the Co/Cu interface seems to be negligible. Similar to the deposition process, dissolution of Co deposit proceeded in layers also.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Cobalt on a Pt(111) Electrode Covered with a Cu(111) Film

Yen

Chen

et al. 2011

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Magnetic films approaching smooth and layer-by-layer growth usually exhibit a square hysteresis loop. 42,43 The squareness of hysteresis loops approaches unity that characterizes the single-domain behavior and a preferred easy axis of magnetization. 42 From the STM images in Fig.…”

Section: Paper Pccpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin reorientation transitions and structures of electrodeposited Ni/Cu(100) ultrathin films with and without Pb additives

Lin

Wang

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Magnetic properties and surface structures of Ni/Cu(100) ultrathin films are studied by means of magneto-optical Kerr effect and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with cyclic voltammetry. At the initial stage of Ni deposition on a Cu(100) electrode, nickel atoms attach onto the steps and the surface shows single atomic steps corresponding to a layer-by-layer growth. For thicker Ni/Cu(100) films, nanometer-size clusters are randomly distributed on the surface showing a three-dimensional island growth. For thinner Ni layers in the coherent region, the magnetic anisotropy energy of the Cl-electrolyte/Ni interface is small. The reduction of squareness of the hysteresis loops is related to the inhomogeneous growth of the Ni layers. For thicker Ni layers in the incoherent region, the negative value of interface anisotropy for the Cl-electrolyte/Ni interface has a strong impact on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and plays an important role on the reduction of the Ni thickness for spin reorientation transition in the electrolyte condition. By adding Pb additives, the deposition of a Pb wetting layer causes a defaceting phenomenon and the hydrogen evolution reaction is reduced. As the Ni thickness increases, the growth of Ni changes from layer-by-layer to quasi-two-dimensional islands with a flat top layer. With a Pb additive, the spin reorientation transitions of the Ni/Cu(100) system are not significantly influenced. However, due to the change of the growth mode by Pb atoms as a surfactant, the squareness of the hysteresis loops is enhanced for all the Ni thicknesses.

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Magnetic properties of Co/Ge(111) films: effects of growth temperatures

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Cobalt on a Pt(111) Electrode Covered with a Cu(111) Film

Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Cobalt on a Pt(111) Electrode Covered with a Cu(111) Film

Spin reorientation transitions and structures of electrodeposited Ni/Cu(100) ultrathin films with and without Pb additives

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