The crystal and the magnetic properties of the N50 permanent magnet, which is widely used in industrial applications, have been studied by using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mössbauer spectrometer. The crystal structure was determined to be tetragonal with a Nd-Fe-B structure. Based on the M -T curves, the values of spin reorientation temperature (TSR) and Curie temperature (TC ) were found to be 130 and 600 K, respectively. The Mössbauer spectra of N50 showed abrupt changes in the magnetic hyperfine field (H hf ) and the electric quadrupole shift (EQ) at temperatures around 130 K, indicating a spin reorientation (TSR). From the Mössbauer absorption area as a function of the square of the temperature for the N50 permanent magnet, the Debye temperature (ΘD) was found to be ΘD = 414.7 K.