Hysteresis characteristics of the general Spin-S (S > 1) Blume-Capel model have been studied within the effective field approximation. Particular emphasis has been paid on the large negative valued crystal field region and it has been demonstrated for this region that, Spin-S Blume-Capel model has 2S windowed hysteresis loop in low temperatures. Some interesting results have been obtained such as nested characteristics of the hysteresis loops of successive spin-S Blume-Capel model. Effect of the rising crystal field and temperature on these hysteresis behaviors have been investigated in detail and physical mechanisms have been given.
IntroductionHigher spin Ising model (S > 1) is very important for understanding of the real magnetic materials. Althought S − 1/2 problems are the most widely studied in the literature on the theoretical side, it is a well known fact that S − 1/2 systems are highly idealized systems. For instance none of the known ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic atom in the periodic table has 1/2. When the atoms brought together in a solid, different spin values emerge due to the overlapping of the atomic orbitals of the constituent atoms. Indeed, there are numerous molecules that have very high spins in the ground state, for instance S − 6 [1], S − 8, S − 10 [2]. Besides, the most of the magnetic materials are represented by higher spin systems. For instance bimetalic Prussian blue analogs. Altought it is very important to investigate higher spin systems, there is a downward trend with the rising spin value in the theoretical literature. This is due to the fact that, rising computational time for simulations and rising mathematical difficulties for approximation schemes for greater spin values.Ising model including the crystal field or the single-ion anisotropy was introduced as a S − 1 Blume -Capel (BC) model [4,5]. Later on, it was generalized to the higher spin problems and solved within the mean field approximation (MFA) [6]. Some variants of the model exist such as spin-S model with biquadrartic exchange interaction and it was solved within the cluster variation method [7,8]. Also, transverse Ising model with higher spin has been solved within the effective field theory (EFT) [9][10][11]. Quenched disorder effects such as site dilution has been also investigated for spin -S BC model with EFT [12,13] and random crystal field problem within the pair approximation [14]. Some other techniques such as Monte Carlo (MC) simulation exist for the higher spin BC model [15]. This short literature was for the general spin-S models. If we look at the specific spin valued BC model, we see downward trend with rising spin values.