Magnetic Reconnection and Energy Extraction from a Spinning Black Hole with Broken Lorentz Symmetry

Abstract

In the Penrose process and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism, the rotational energy of a black hole (BH) is extracted via particle fission and magnetic tension, respectively. Recently, inspired by a fundamental trait in plasma astrophysics known as magnetic reconnection (MR), a new energy extraction mechanism based on the fast reconnection of the magnetic field lines inside the ergosphere has been proposed by Comisso and Asenjo. In this paper, we investigate energy extraction caused by MR in the ergosphere of a rapidly spinning BH with broken Lorentz symmetry by a background bumblebee vector field. The desired rotating BH solution differentiates from the standard Kerr BH via the Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) parameter l, which comes from nonminimal coupling between the bumblebee field with nonzero vacuum expectation value and gravity. We find that incorporating l < 0 in the background is in the interest of the energy extraction via MR for the fast-spinning BH surrounded by the plasma with weak magnetization, below what is expected from the scenario by Comisso and Asenjo. Our analysis robustly indicates that the power of energy extraction and efficiency of the plasma energization process through fast MR is more efficient than the Comisso-Asenjo solution, provided that the LSB parameter is negative, l < 0. Compared to the Blandford-Znajek mechanism arising from the underlying background, we also show that MR is a more efficient energy extraction mechanism if l < 0.

Lifetime of scalar cloud formation around a rotating regular black hole

“…equation (11) along with inserting the ansatz (12), the radial KG equation, after separation, reads as…”

“…By referring to seminal paper [31], one will face the postulation stating that if the superradiance arising from a perturbed black hole becomes reflected toward the event horizon of the black hole repeatedly; then, due to an initial small perturbation, an exponential growth without any bound arises which results in a new phenomenon known as black hole bomb [32]. The mentioned effect is one of the most considered processes around black holes, whose key characteristic is trapping the radiation between the event horizon and a reflect- 1 It is worthy to mention it is not the only way for energy extraction from a black hole, rather there are other theoretical mechanisms such as the Penrose process [9] and magnetic reconnection [10,11]. The fact that the superradiance effect, the contrary Hawking radiation [12] is justifiable in the context of classic physics without any origination in quantum mechanics has caused a lot of renewed interest in studying it via employing various classes of black hole solutions admitted by extended theories of gravity (e.g., see [13]- [30]).…”

Effects of tidal charge on magnetic reconnection and energy extraction from spinning braneworld black hole

“…where we have used (27). After replacing Ω K in the above equation, we shall obtain the explicit form of vK .…”

“…Compared with the BZ process, the general-relativistic kinetic simulations of black hole magnetospheres [26] indicate that the accelerated plasma particles may spread onto negative energy-at-infinity trajectories and the energy extraction from the magnetic reconnection may be a good alternative mechanism. The study of magnetic reconnection and energy extraction was also extended to the spinning black hole with broken Lorentz symmetry [27]. For the negative Lorentz symmetry breaking parameter, it implies that the power of energy extraction and efficiency of the energy extraction via the fast magnetic reconnection are higher than the spinning Kerr counterparts.…”

Hubble tension as a guide for refining the early Universe: Cosmologies with explicit local Lorentz and diffeomorphism violation

“…Apart from strings, mechanisms that result in a breakdown of Lorentz symmetry at the fundamental level were also identified in loop quantum gravity [67,68], theories of noncommutative spacetimes [69][70][71], spacetime foam [72][73][74], nontrivial spacetime topologies [75][76][77][78], Einstein-aether gravity [79][80][81][82], bumblebee gravity [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], Hořava gravity [93], and covariant Hořava-like gravity [94][95][96]. Besides, in Refs.…”