Magnetic resonance force microscopy of paramagnetic electron spins at millikelvin temperatures

Vinante, Andrea; Wijts, G.; Usenko, O.; Schinkelshoek, Laurens; Oosterkamp, Tjerk H.

doi:10.1038/ncomms1581

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…With the flux noise S 1/2 = 220 n 0 / √ Hz, this yields an extremely low value for the predicted displacement sensitivity S 1/2 r = S 1/2 / y = 110 fm/ √ Hz, which is already a factor of 2 below the best value found in the literature. [51][52][53] Still, S r is by far not optimized and could be further improved by using a reduced linewidth for the SQUID arm in the top Nb layer and by increasing the number of spins in the magnet.…”

Section: Displacement Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

et al. 2013

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Nanoscale magnets might form the building blocks of next generation memories. To explore their functionality, magnetic sensing at the nanoscale is key. We present a multifunctional combination of a nanometer-sized superconducting quantum interference device (nanoSQUID) and a Ni nanotube attached to an ultrasoft cantilever as a magnetic tip. By scanning the Nb nanoSQUID with respect to the Ni tube, we map out and analyze their magnetic coupling, demonstrate the imaging of an Abrikosov vortex trapped in the SQUID structure -which is important in ruling out spurious magnetic signals -and reveal the high potential of the nanoSQUID as an ultrasensitive displacement detector. Our results open a new avenue for fundamental studies of nanoscale magnetism and superconductivity.

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Section: Displacement Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,52 While the absolute flux signal from the Ni nanotube is optimally detected at the positions yielding max and min , for the cantilever displacement detection, a large gradient ∂ /∂y is required. The line scans in Fig.…”

Section: Displacement Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

et al. 2013

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“…For many of these applications, detection of magnetic resonance as a spin-induced modulation of the eigenfrequency of a microcantilever offers many advantages. A number of seemingly disparate approaches to frequency-modulation magnetic resonance force microscopy (FM-MRFM) have been demonstrated experimentally 10,11,22–32 and considered theoretically. 33–43 The goals of this paper are to (1) unify the theoretical descriptions of these approaches into a single semiclassical formalism well suited for numerical calculations and (2) lift the small-cantilever-amplitude approximation limiting prior treatments of FM-MRFM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 The second protocol considered here is the cantilever enabled readout of magnetization inversion transients or CERMIT protocol, in which a modulation of spin magnetization is induced by a short burst of microwaves or radiowaves and the resulting change in the force gradient acting on the cantilever tip shifts the cantilever’s resonance frequency. The method has been used to detect NMR 24,28 and ESR 11,32 and requires only T 1 ≥ T . A final set of FM-MRFM protocols considered here are those based on force gradients and cyclic saturation of sample magnetization, applicable to fast-relaxing spins with T 1 ≤ T and used so far to detect ESR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified picture of cantilever frequency shift measurements of magnetic resonance

2012

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We report a unified framework describing all existing protocols for spin manipulation and signal creation in frequency-modulation magnetic resonance force microscopy using classical perturbation theory. The framework is well suited for studying the dependence of the frequency shift on the cantilever amplitude via numerical simulation. We demonstrate the formalism by recovering an exact result for a single spin signal and by simulating, for the first time as a function of cantilever amplitude, the frequency shift due to a volume of noninteracting spins inverted by an adiabatic rapid passage. We show that an optimal cantilever amplitude exists that maximizes the signal. Our findings suggest that understanding the amplitude dependence of the spin signal will be important for designing future high-sensitivity experiments.

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“…However, all of these methods rely on detecting very large numbers of electronic or nuclear spins and hence are limited fundamentally in their resolution. New methods such as magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) are capable of detecting single electron or nuclear spins, yet have the additional requirements of vacuum conditions and low temperatures (< 2K) [3][4][5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards single-molecule NMR detection and spectroscopy using single spins in diamond

et al. 2014

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Nanomagnetometry using the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond has attracted a great deal of interest because of the combined features of room temperature operation, nanoscale resolution and high sensitivity. One of the important goals for nano-magnetometry is to be able to detect nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in individual molecules. Our theoretical analysis shows how a single molecule at the surface of diamond, with characteristic NMR frequencies, can be detected using a proximate NV centre on a time scale of order seconds with nanometer precision. We perform spatio-temporal resolution optimisation and also outline paths to greater sensitivity. In addition, the method is suitable for application in low and relatively inhomogeneous background magnetic fields in contrast to both conventional liquid and solid state NMR spectroscopy.Magnetic resonance (MR) based detection and imaging is an important tool across many areas of nanoscience. From a bio-medical perspective, the need to better understand cellular processes at the nanoscale, occurring both naturally and as a result of introduced nanoparticles and/or molecular species, poses a significant and a constant question. The long tradition of magnetometry techniques in bio-imaging, such as in electron spin resonance (ESR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been successful in detecting the bulk properties of cells and their reactions [1,2]. However, all of these methods rely on detecting very large numbers of electronic or nuclear spins and hence are limited fundamentally in their resolution. New methods such as magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) are capable of detecting single electron or nuclear spins, yet have the additional requirements of vacuum conditions and low temperatures (< 2K) [3][4][5].We focus on how to perform NMR for the task of detecting individual molecules under ambient conditions. The ability to selectively detect molecular species has important implications in a range of fields, including nanomedicine. The MR detector we consider is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, in which a number of fortuitous properties converge making it a very promising sensor: it is bio-compatible, exhibits sustained fluorescence over arbitrarily long timescales, and is inherently a nanoscale magnetic sensor with high sensitivity. Recent experiments demonstrate that this centre in diamond is capable of identifying the presence of relatively modest number of nuclear spins (between 10 4 and 10 6 actual protons) external to the diamond lattice under controlled conditions, both by passive observation [6] and by manipulation of proton spins states [7]. The NV centre is a spin 1 system which ground state can be optically initialised and read out [8][9][10][11][12]. The coherence of a centre * Electronic address: vpe@unimelb.edu.au FIG. 1: Schematic representation of the system containing an NV centre and a single target molecule. The NV centre is located in a diamond lattice. The microwave control ...

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Magnetic resonance force microscopy of paramagnetic electron spins at millikelvin temperatures

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

Unified picture of cantilever frequency shift measurements of magnetic resonance

Towards single-molecule NMR detection and spectroscopy using single spins in diamond

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