Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Applications in Neuropsychiatry

Besson, J. A. O.

doi:10.1192/s0007125000291836

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Evidence for structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia has been documented (Helmchen & Henn, 1987;Buchsbaum & Monte, 1990). Of all the methods for evaluating structural brain abnormalities in vivo, MRI seems the most promising (Besson, 1990), because of the position and subtleties of the lesions, but has rarely been applied to such a population. Benson & Stuss 1990); others link the brain disorder more directly to violence (Tonkonogy, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple measures of cerebral state in dangerous mentally disordered inpatients

Chesterman

Taylor

Cox

et al. 1994

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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The cerebral structure and function of a group of ten men admitted to a special (high~security) hospital in the south of England were assessed using a range of methods. All had committed at least one act of very serious violence, or similarly dangerous acts (e.g. arson). Six of the group had schizophrenia and four a primary personality disorder. The men were all regarded as still posing a sufficiently high risk to others that they would not have been allowed to leave the hospital without a multi~ ple nurse escort. Previous reports suggest that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is better than computed tomography (CT) in detecting structural cerebral lesions in people with a mental disorder. The main purpose of this study, therefore, was to test the feasibility of using an MRI scanner which could be taken into the hospital to eval~ uate the men, and then undertake a preliminary review of the relative roles of the dif ferent approaches to cerebral investigation. All the men tolerated the MRI without incident. Results from neuropsychological testing and MRI were similar insofar as both indicated definite cerebral pathology in nine of the ten cases, while the CT scan suggested damage in just half of the cases and the EEG in only six men. In six cases MRI demonstrated atrophy of mesial temporal structures that had not been detected with CT. In only one case did the CT scan provide evidence of localised disturbance, and the EEG was only slightly better in this regard. There were discrepancies in localisation of damage between the neuropsychological testing and the MRI results. A full~scale, systematic study of mentally disordered serious offenders using a broad~ based approach seems important. Thus far this is the largest such series.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple measures of cerebral state in dangerous mentally disordered inpatients

Chesterman

Taylor

Cox

et al. 1994

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…PET is primarily a re search tool although characteristic patterns of metabo lism have been described in various forms of dementia [for review see 45] and focal neurological syndromes have been associated with particular abnormalities [43], MR1 is superior in many ways to CT in that it has better resolution, the posterior fossa and other brain regions arc better visualised and it does not use ionising radia tion. However, it is an arduous procedure and there are some contraindications [for review, see 46]. MRS is a new tool which assesses the presence of various ions in the body and holds great promise for the investigation of a number of psychiatric disorders [for review, sec 47], BEAM employs information obtained during electroen cephalography and submits a number of single images to give an overall picture of electrical activity.…”

Section: Clinico-patliological Studies In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Burns¹

1991

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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There are a number of ways in which a clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type can be made – the application of clinical criteria is the commonest but ancillary techniques such as neuroimaging, peripheral markers and neurophysiological investigations are helpful. The NINCDS/ADRDA criteria are the most consistent in correctly predicting, during life, who will have the neuropathological findings of Alzheimer''s disease and as such represent the gold standard for clinical diagnosis. Platelet membrane fluidity and the results of nasal biopsy may also be helpful but the specificity of abnormalities for Alzheimer''s disease has yet to be established. Computerised tomography and single photon emission tomography are the two most applicable and widely available neuroimaging techniques and, with single photon emission tomography, characteristic patterns of blood flow distribution are seen in Alzheimer''s disease. Even with the application of clinical guidelines and appropriate use of ancillary investigations, there is still diagnostic misclassification in up to 20% of cases for the refinement of clinical criteria and prospective clinico-pathological studies along with clinical criteria for other types of dementia are required.

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Brain Imaging Techniques Applied to Chronically Solvent-Exposed Workers: Current Results and Clinical Evaluation

Triebig¹,

Läng²

1993

Environmental Research

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Applications in Neuropsychiatry

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Multiple measures of cerebral state in dangerous mentally disordered inpatients

Multiple measures of cerebral state in dangerous mentally disordered inpatients

Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Brain Imaging Techniques Applied to Chronically Solvent-Exposed Workers: Current Results and Clinical Evaluation

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