Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ischemic brain infarction over time in a canine stroke model

Choi, Sooyoung; Noh, Daji; Kim, Youngwhan; Jeong, In-Seong; Choi, Hojung; Lee, Youngwon; Lee, Kija

doi:10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.137

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One pig with histologic evidence of cerebral infarcts exhibited lesions with similar MRI features as cerebral infarcts reported in dogs (10,11). Histopathologic findings were consistent with areas of necrosis corresponding to areas of presumptive infarcts on MRI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs

et al. 2020

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This study reports the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 pot-bellied pigs presented to our institution with neurological deficits. Nine pigs had abnormal MRI findings (7 with spinal cord localization and 2 with brain localization), with three of them having histopathological confirmation of the diagnoses. MRI diagnoses included a myopathy suspected to be secondary to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a round cell neoplasia involving the vertebral canal, myelomalacia, a cervical cyst like extradural lesion, pelvic fracture with secondary cauda equina involvement, two cases of fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion, multifocal brain infarcts, and a cystic fourth ventricle dilation resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. Four pigs had normal MRI studies, with one of them ultimately diagnosed with idiopathic vestibular disease. This retrospective study illustrates the wide variety of diagnoses achieved with MRI of the head or vertebral column in pigs, several of them having never been described in this species. Some of the conditions identified had a good outcome. This justifies using MRI as an ante-mortem diagnostic tool as it can provide relevant information about the prognosis which can significantly influence treatment recommendations. Our findings suggest that MRI should be considered as a valuable imaging modality, when feasible, in pigs with neurological deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs

et al. 2020

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“…At the time of diagnosis, however, the patient's special diet, relative atypical enhancement pattern and PET-CT results were misleading, and the MRI results were mistaken for cystic parasitosis with central necrosis. It must be noted that liquefactive necrotic area can also exhibit hypointense lesions on DWI with increased ADC, reflecting the process of encephalomalacia with unrestricted water motion (18), but rim enhancement is hardly the feature of A. cantonensis infection, as discussed blow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mistaken Diagnosis of Secondary Glioblastoma as Parasitosis

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Neurol.

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Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis requiring early diagnosis. Secondary glioblastoma refers to cases that progressed from low-grade glioma. Evidence shows that timely resection correlates with increased survival.Case presentation: We describe a case of a patient with secondary glioblastoma who was mistakenly diagnosed with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection until 7 years after disease onset. The patient presented with non-specific clinical manifestations at disease onset. A conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the primary survey provided insufficient information, and thus failed to identify the malignancy. During follow-up, unfortunately, clinicians were misled by the patient's raw food diet, a positive serum parasite antibody and a result of low glucose metabolism on Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT). The patient was diagnosed with parasitosis. However, his condition kept getting worse under antiparasitic treatment. Preoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) failed to reverse the mistaken impression. Final diagnosis was confirmed until intraoperative and postoperative pathological findings indicated glioblastoma.Conclusion: We ascribe the incorrect diagnosis to insufficient understanding on imaging manifestations of brain neoplasm as well as clinical features of parasitosis. Thus, we review the MRI, FDG-PET-CT, MRS, and DTI data of this case according to the timeline, refer to relevant studies, and point out the pitfalls. With a long course of slowly progressing, this was a rare case of secondary glioblastoma with the absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutation.

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“…Conversely, SNN is thought to persist into the chronic stages of infarction, potentially contributing to poststroke cognitive decline observed in human neurodegenerative disorders such as vascular dementia (28,32,34). Both SNN and partial infarction have demonstrated similar patterns of delayed T1w hyperintensity within the affected tissue when studied in human patients and experimental animal models (13,15,17). Partial infarction and SNN have been identified histopathologically throughout the border zone of tissue infarction and throughout the penumbra on perfusion studies, which relates to the reduced cerebral perfusion throughout this region (35)(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic stroke can have a T1w hyperintense appearance in absence of intralesional hemorrhage

Weston

Behr²,

Garosi³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes associated with ischemic stroke are typically described as T2w and FLAIR hyperintense, and T1w isointense lesions. Intralesional T1w hyperintensity is generally attributed to either a hemorrhagic stroke, or an ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transition, and has an associated signal void on gradient echo (GE) sequences. Cases of ischemic stroke with T1w hyperintense signal in absence of associated signal void on GE sequences have been sporadically demonstrated in human stroke patients, as well as in dogs with experimentally induced ischemia of the middle cerebral artery. This multicenter retrospective descriptive study investigates the presence of T1w hyperintensity in canine stroke without associated signal void on GE sequences. High field (1.5 Tesla) MRI studies of 12 dogs with clinical presentation, MRI features, and cerebrospinal fluid results suggestive of non-hemorrhagic stroke were assessed. The time between the observed onset of clinical signs and MRI assessment was recorded. All 12 patients had an intralesional T1w hyperintense signal compared to gray and white matter, and absence of signal void on T2*w GE or SWI sequences. Intralesional T1w hyperintensities were either homogenously distributed throughout the entire lesion (6/12) or had a rim-like peripheral distribution (6/12). The mean time between the recorded onset of clinical signs and MRI assessment was 3 days; however, the age range of lesions with T1w hyperintense signal observed was 1–21days, suggesting that such signal intensities can be observed in acute, subacute, or chronic stages of ischemic stroke. Follow-up was recorded for 7/12 cases, all of which showed evidence of neurological improvement while in hospital, and survived to discharge. Correlation of the age and MRI appearance of lesions in this study with similar lesions observed in human and experimental studies suggests that these T1w hyperintensities are likely caused by partial tissue infarction or selective neuronal necrosis, providing an alternative differential for these T1w hyperintensities observed.

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Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ischemic brain infarction over time in a canine stroke model

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs

A Mistaken Diagnosis of Secondary Glioblastoma as Parasitosis

Ischemic stroke can have a T1w hyperintense appearance in absence of intralesional hemorrhage

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