Magnetic resonance imaging findings and outcome in severe tick‐borne encephalitis. report of four cases and review of the literature

Marjelund, S.; Tikkakoski, Tapani; Tuisku, Seppo; Räisänen, Simo

doi:10.1080/02841850410003356

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the largest study of patients with TBE, only 18 of 102 patients (17.5 %) revealed abnormal findings, which were restricted mainly to the thalamus and occasionally to the cerebellum, nucleus caudatus, basal ganglia and brainstem [15]. These findings were confirmed by several other case reports; in individual patients, involvement of the spinal cord and the radices was also demonstrated [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Imagingsupporting

confidence: 54%

Tick-borne encephalitis: Clinical findings and prognosis in adults

Kaiser

2012

Wien Med Wochenschr

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In middle and eastern European countries, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most important human infections of the central nervous system. TBE virus (TBEV) is mainly transmitted by tick bites and in very rare cases by unpasteurized milk. The incubation period is on an average 7-10 days. A biphasic course of illness with a prodromal period occurs in about two third of patients. In European countries, TBE presents as meningitis in about 50 % of patients, as meningoencephalitis in 40 %, and as meningoencephalomyelitis in 10 %. The severity of TBE increases with age, in children and adolescents, meningitis is the predominant form of the disease. Long-term prognosis is unfavorable in about 40-50 % of patients who suffer from sequelae for months to years, mainly in terms of pareses, ataxia, and other gait disturbances. No specific treatment for TBE is known so far, but TBE can be successfully prevented by active immunization.

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Section: Imagingsupporting

confidence: 54%

Tick-borne encephalitis: Clinical findings and prognosis in adults

Kaiser

2012

Wien Med Wochenschr

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“…13,14 However, it appears from the scarce data available that structural pathology is only present in a limited number of children and may only partly correlate to later cognitive symptoms. 11,15 From the non-focal nature of the symptoms one would expect any structural underpinnings to be distributed and subtle in nature and possibly not be detected in standard clinical radiological evaluations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased working memory related fMRI signal in children following Tick Borne Encephalitis

Ullman

Fowler

Wickström

2016

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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“…Our findings, in common with those of others, show that the thalamus was the structure most frequently involved, followed by the cortex. Interestingly, thalamic lesions have been reported in many other arboviral encephalitides, including Eastern equine encephalitis [6], West Nile virus encephalitis, [3,30,38] Murray Valley encephalitis [9], tick borne encephalitis [19,20] and dengue encephalitis [16]. The reason why lesions to the thalamus and other basal ganglia occur in arboviral encephalitis is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the usefulness of neuroimaging for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis

et al. 2009

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is estimated to cause 30–50,000 cases of encephalitis every year. The disease occurs mainly in rural Asia and is transmitted to humans from birds and pigs by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. JE is diagnosed with antibody testing of the serum and CSF, but this is not available in many hospitals. Neuroimaging abnormalities, particularly thalamic hypodensity on computed tomography (CT) and hyperintensity on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described in case studies, but their usefulness for diagnosing JE is not known. We have therefore evaluated the usefulness of neuroimaging (CT and MRI) for the diagnosis of JE. The findings of thalamic lesions were compared with the final serological diagnosis in a cohort of 75 patients (children and adults) with suspected CNS infections in Southern Vietnam, a JEV endemic area. Thalamic lesions on CT and/or MRI combined had sensitivity 23% (95% confidence interval 12.9–33.1%), specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 42.1% (95% confidence interval 30.2–53.8%) for a diagnosis of JE in this cohort. Over time, the thalamic lesions resolved in some patients. One patient showed disappearance of lesions on CT followed by reappearance of the lesions some time later, known as the fogging effect. In this setting, the presence of thalamic abnormalities suggested the diagnosis of JE, but their absence did not exclude it.

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Magnetic resonance imaging findings and outcome in severe tick‐borne encephalitis. report of four cases and review of the literature

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Tick-borne encephalitis: Clinical findings and prognosis in adults

Tick-borne encephalitis: Clinical findings and prognosis in adults

Increased working memory related fMRI signal in children following Tick Borne Encephalitis

An evaluation of the usefulness of neuroimaging for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis

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