Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Finnish Spitz Dogs with Focal Epilepsy

Viitmaa, Ranno; Cizinauskas, Sigitas; Bergamasc, L-A.; Kuusela, Erja; Pascoe, Peter J; Teppo, A M; Jokinen, Tarja S.; Kivisaari, Leena; Snellman, Marjatta

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02861.x

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Blood examination included complete blood count and serum biochemistry (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase). MRI examinations of Finnish dogs were performed as described previously [61]. CSF samples were collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern after MRI examination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Idiopathic Epilepsy Locus in Belgian Shepherd Dogs

et al. 2012

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Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in dogs, with an incidence ranging from 0.5% to up to 20% in particular breeds. Canine epilepsy can be etiologically defined as idiopathic or symptomatic. Epileptic seizures may be classified as focal with or without secondary generalization, or as primary generalized. Nine genes have been identified for symptomatic (storage diseases) and one for idiopathic epilepsy in different breeds. However, the genetic background of common canine epilepsies remains unknown. We have studied the clinical and genetic background of epilepsy in Belgian Shepherds. We collected 159 cases and 148 controls and confirmed the presence of epilepsy through epilepsy questionnaires and clinical examinations. The MRI was normal while interictal EEG revealed abnormalities and variable foci in the clinically examined affected dogs. A genome-wide association study using Affymetrix 50K SNP arrays in 40 cases and 44 controls mapped the epilepsy locus on CFA37, which was replicated in an independent cohort (81 cases and 88 controls; combined p = 9.70×10−10, OR = 3.3). Fine mapping study defined a ∼1 Mb region including 12 genes of which none are known epilepsy genes or encode ion channels. Exonic sequencing was performed for two candidate genes, KLF7 and ADAM23. No variation was found in KLF7 but a highly-associated non-synonymous variant, G1203A (R387H) was present in the ADAM23 gene (p = 3.7×10−8, OR = 3.9 for homozygosity). Homozygosity for a two-SNP haplotype within the ADAM23 gene conferred the highest risk for epilepsy (p = 6.28×10−11, OR = 7.4). ADAM23 interacts with known epilepsy proteins LGI1 and LGI2. However, our data suggests that the ADAM23 variant is a polymorphism and we have initiated a targeted re-sequencing study across the locus to identify the causative mutation. It would establish the affected breed as a novel therapeutic model, help to develop a DNA test for breeding purposes and introduce a novel candidate gene for human idiopathic epilepsies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Idiopathic Epilepsy Locus in Belgian Shepherd Dogs

et al. 2012

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“…The heritability was estimated at 0.22 and, hence, a complex pattern of inheritance such as polygenic recessive or autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance was suggested [ 82 ]. Another study conducted in 2006 focused on EEG and MRI findings in 11 affected Finnish Spitz dogs [ 81 ]. Among those dogs the seizure type again predominantly was defined as focal epileptic seizure or as focal epileptic seizure evolving into generalised epileptic seizures (in 73 % of the dogs), with the majority of dogs experiencing the latter seizure type [ 81 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force’s current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs

et al. 2015

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Canine idiopathic epilepsy is a common neurological disease affecting both purebred and crossbred dogs. Various breed-specific cohort, epidemiological and genetic studies have been conducted to date, which all improved our knowledge and general understanding of canine idiopathic epilepsy, and in particular our knowledge of those breeds studied. However, these studies also frequently revealed differences between the investigated breeds with respect to clinical features, inheritance and prevalence rates. Awareness and observation of breed-specific differences is important for successful management of the dog with epilepsy in everyday clinical practice and furthermore may promote canine epilepsy research. The following manuscript reviews the evidence available for breeds which have been identified as being predisposed to idiopathic epilepsy with a proven or suspected genetic background, and highlights different breed specific clinical features (e.g. age at onset, sex, seizure type), treatment response, prevalence rates and proposed inheritance reported in the literature. In addition, certain breed-specific diseases that may act as potential differentials for idiopathic epilepsy are highlighted.

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“…9 However, recurrent epileptic seizures can cause epileptic encephalopathy, producing epileptic brain damage that is detectable on MR images. 10,11 Epileptic brain damage accompanied by hippocampal lesions have also been reported in experimental epileptic models in dogs. 12,13 Thus, whether pathologic changes of the hippocampus, including temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis, occur in canine epilepsy is controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical Magnetic Resonance Volumetry of the Hippocampus in 58 Epileptic Dogs*

Kuwabara

Hasegawa

Kobayashi

et al. 2010

Veterinary Radiology &Amp; Ultrasound

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Hippocampal atrophy, which is a component of hippocampal sclerosis and recognized commonly in human intractable epilepsy, is controversial in canine epilepsy. We examined the hippocampal volume in 58 epileptic dogs and 35 control dogs using magnetic resonance (MR) images, and calculated the relative hippocampal volume asymmetry of the right and left hippocampus. Subjectively, there were visible MR imaging abnormalities in seven of the 58 epileptic dogs (12%). The hippocampel volume asymmetric ratio of epileptic dogs (5.84 AE 4.47%) was significantly greater than that of control dogs (1.62 AE 0.88%). Using a cutoff threshold asymmetric ratio of 6% that is indicated in human epilepsy, 28 epileptic dogs (48%) were characterized as having unilateral hippocampus atrophy. The hippocampal volume asymmetry ratio cannot be used to detect bilateral atrophy. In conclusion, although less frequent than that observed in human epilepsy patients, hippocampal atrophy may occur in canine epilepsy. r

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Finnish Spitz Dogs with Focal Epilepsy

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of a Novel Idiopathic Epilepsy Locus in Belgian Shepherd Dogs

Identification of a Novel Idiopathic Epilepsy Locus in Belgian Shepherd Dogs

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force’s current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs

Clinical Magnetic Resonance Volumetry of the Hippocampus in 58 Epileptic Dogs*

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