Magnetic resonance imaging findings of amygdala- anterior hippocampus shrinkage in male patients with schizophrenia

Rossi, Alessandro; Stratta, Paolo; Mancini, Fabrizio; Gallucci, M.; Mattei, Paolo; Core, L.; Michele, Vittorio Di; Casacchia, M

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90119-8

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Of those who do provide sufficient detail, the majority report using images reformatted perpendicularly to the long axis of the hippocampal formation. 56 A substantial number of protocols use different acquisition sequences (either perpendicular to the AC-PC line 25,94,84 or the Sylvian fissure 3,20 ), but do not reformat their images, and a very small number of studies employ head-tilt protocols. [95][96][97] 3D imaging techniques allow researchers to save valuable scan time by eliminating the need for pilot scans needed for consistent positioning of images based on internal landmarks, and accomplishing this after the scan using multiplanar image reconstruction capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are differences in laterality (right or left), direction (increase or decrease), and degree of the hippocampal volumetric changes. For example, smaller bilateral hippocampi in patients with schizophrenia have been found by a large number of research groups, [22][23][24][25][26][27] but not by others. [28][29][30][31] Similarly, several groups found smaller bilateral hippocampi in patients with PTSD, 32,33 whereas others were unable to find significantly smaller hippocampi in PTSD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 1. Review of methodologies currently employed

2004

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The advance of neuroimaging techniques has resulted in a burgeoning of studies reporting abnormalities in brain structure and function in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Measurement of hippocampal volume has developed as a useful tool in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. We reviewed the literature and selected all English-language, human subject, data-driven papers on hippocampal volumetry, yielding a database of 423 records. From this database, the methodology of all original manual tracing protocols were studied. These protocols differed in a number of important factors for accurate hippocampal volume determination including magnetic field strength, the number of slices assessed and the thickness of slices, hippocampal orientation correction, volumetric correction, software used, inter-rater reliability, and anatomical boundaries of the hippocampus. The findings are discussed in relation to optimizing determination of hippocampal volume.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 1. Review of methodologies currently employed

2004

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“…Some postmortem studies of brains of schizophrenics have suggested that the density of hippocampal pyramidal cells is decreased (4,5); other studies have suggested hippocampal pyramidal cells are unusually small or abnormally arranged (6)(7)(8)(9). When using manual and semi-automated methods to outline the hippocampus in high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) scans, decreases in hippocampal volumes have been reported by some (10)(11)(12)(13), but not all (14,15), research groups. Inconsistencies in the in vivo neuroimaging literature may exist because hippocampal volume decreases in schizophrenia are small relative to the normal variability of hippocampal volumes and the error associated with manual techniques for outlining small neuroanatomical structures (16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hippocampal morphometry in schizophrenia by high dimensional brain mapping

Csernansky

Joshi

Wang

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

420

329

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Theories of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have implicated the hippocampus, but controversy remains regarding hippocampal abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. In vivo studies of hippocampal anatomy using high resolution magnetic resonance scanning and manual methods for volumetric measurement have yielded inconclusive results, perhaps because of the normal variability in hippocampal volume and the error involved in manual measurement techniques. To resolve this controversy, high dimensional transformations of a computerized brain template were used to compare hippocampal volumes and shape characteristics in 15 matched pairs of schizophrenia and control subjects. The transformations were derived from principles of general pattern matching and were constrained according to the physical properties of f luids. The analysis and comparison of hippocampal shapes based on these transformations were far superior to the comparison of hippocampal volumes or other global indices of hippocampal anatomy in showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In the schizophrenia subjects, hippocampal shape deformations were found to be localized to subregions of the structure that send projections to prefrontal cortex. The results of this study demonstrate that abnormalities of hippocampal anatomy occur in schizophrenia and support current hypotheses that schizophrenia involves a disturbance of hippocampalprefrontal connections. These results also show that comparisons of neuroanatomical shapes can be more informative than volume comparisons for identifying individuals with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia.

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“…These structures were chosen, based on previous work that showed a link between them and schizophrenia (e.g. Barta et al, 1990;Shenton et al, 1992;Bogerts et al, 1993;Buchanan et al, 1993;Andreasen et al, 1994;Rossi et al, 1994;Schlaepfer et al, 1994;Zipursky et al, 1994;Portas et al, 1998). To investigate the difference in the correlations between the two groups, a Fischer Z transformation was performed.…”

Section: Data Analyses-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative MR measure of the fornix in schizophrenia

Zahajszky

Dickey

McCarley

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

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Some cognitive disturbances accompanying schizophrenia may be due to abnormalities in the thalamus and components of the limbic system. The fornix is an important white-matter relay pathway connecting these structures and is likely to be affected in schizophrenia as well.Magnetic resonance images of the fornix were analyzed in 15 schizophrenic patients and 15 matched comparison group subjects. Fornix volume was compared between the two groups and was also correlated with the volumes of other neuroanatomical structures, as well as with illness presentation, clinical status, and cognitive/psychological measures.There was no significant difference in fornix volume between the two groups. Of note, fornix volume correlated significantly with the volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and the superior temporal gyrus in the schizophrenic subjects, but not in the controls. Moreover, the correlation between fornix and parahippocampal gyrus volumes differed significantly between the two groups. No association was found between fornix volume and illness presentation or between fornix and cognitive/clinical measures.Results suggest that there are no marked changes in fornix volume in schizophrenia by MRI. The fornix, however, may be part of a network of structures affected in schizophrenia, as indicated by correlated volumetric changes.

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Magnetic resonance imaging findings of amygdala- anterior hippocampus shrinkage in male patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 87 publications

References 37 publications

MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 1. Review of methodologies currently employed

MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 1. Review of methodologies currently employed

Hippocampal morphometry in schizophrenia by high dimensional brain mapping

A quantitative MR measure of the fornix in schizophrenia

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