Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A review of genetic damage investigations

Vijayalaxmi, .; Fatahi, Mahsa; Speck, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.02.002

Cited by 82 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Only a very limited number of investigations of genetic damage using clinical MRI scanners, and the types of sequences routinely used in the clinic, have been published and are briefly summarized in Table 1 . Seven of these studies were also recently critically reviewed by Vijayalaxmi et al 4 What is clear is that the experimental data relating to MRI genotoxicity are limited and inconsistent. …”

Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to biological and long-term health effects associated with MRI exposure and its various components, a number of comprehensive reviews have been published by national and international committees 10–16 along with a recent review of genotoxicity associated with MRI exposures. 4 Although the data are somewhat limited, the current consensus is that no clear link exists between MRI or associated magnetic and pulsed radiofrequency fields and subsequent health risks. The relevant data are discussed below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in cardiology to detect heart disease and guide therapy. It is mooted to be a safer alternative to imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or coronary angiographic imaging. However, there has recently been an increased interest in the potential long-term health risks of MRI, especially in the light of the controversy resulting from a small number of research studies reporting an increase in DNA damage following exposure, with calls to limit its use and avoid unnecessary examination, according to the precautionary principle. Overall the published data are somewhat limited and inconsistent; the ability of MRI to produce DNA lesions has yet to be robustly demonstrated and future experiments should be carefully designed to optimize sensitivity and benchmarked to validate and assess reproducibility. The majority of the current studies have focussed on the initial induction of DNA damage, and this has led to comparisons between the reported induction of γH2AX and implied double-strand break (DSB) yields produced following MRI with induction by imaging techniques using ionizing radiation. However, γH2AX is not only a marker of classical double-ended DSB, but also a marker of stalled replication forks and in certain circumstances stalled DNA transcription. Additionally, ionizing radiation is efficient at producing complex DNA damage, unique to ionizing radiation, with an associated reduction in repairability. Even if the fields associated with MRI are capable of producing DNA damage, the lesions produced will in general be simple, similar to those produced by endogenous processes. It is therefore inappropriate to try and infer cancer risk by simply comparing the yields of γH2AX foci or DNA lesions potentially produced by MRI to those produced by a given exposure of ionizing radiation, which will generally be more biologically effective and have a greater probability of leading to long-term health effects. As a result, it is important to concentrate on more relevant downstream end points (e.g. chromosome aberration production), along with potential mechanisms by which MRI may lead to DNA lesions. This could potentially involve a perturbation in homeostasis of oxidative stress, modifying the background rate of endogenous DNA damage induction. In summary, what the field needs at the moment is more research and less fear mongering.

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Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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“…Effects of static magnetic fields ranging from 50 µT to 15 T on chemical and biologic systems were reviewed in 2008 by Okano [127]. There are as many positive as there are negative results in that review as well as in evaluations by others [128–130]. The current conclusion is that there are no health hazards from exposures up to 9.4 T. Non-controversial effects at the macromolecular level are magnetic orientation or torque phenomena observed for large molecular assemblages in vitro such as chloroblasts and retinal rods based on magnetic anisotropy, as presented above [107, 109].…”

Section: Physiological Effects and Safety At 14 T And Abovementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of eight studies on human cells by Vijayalaxmi and co-workers [130] describes six studies that showed an increase in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) or micronuclei (evidence of DNA damage) and two studies that showed no change. Three reports since that review showed no increases in DSB of subjects’ blood following clinical MRI exposures [136–138].…”

Section: Physiological Effects and Safety At 14 T And Abovementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward 20 T magnetic resonance for human brain studies: opportunities for discovery and neuroscience rationale

Budinger

Bird

Frydman

et al. 2016

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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An initiative to design and build magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) instruments at 14 T and beyond to 20 T has been underway since 2012. This initiative has been supported by 22 interested participants from the USA and Europe, of which 15 are authors of this review. Advances in high temperature superconductor materials, advances in cryocooling engineering, prospects for non-persistent mode stable magnets, and experiences gained from large-bore, high-field magnet engineering for the nuclear fusion endeavors support the feasibility of a human brain MRI and MRS system with 1 ppm homogeneity over at least a 16-cm diameter volume and a bore size of 68 cm. Twelve neuroscience opportunities are presented as well as an analysis of the biophysical and physiological effects to be investigated before exposing human subjects to the high fields of 14 T and beyond.

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“…During recent years, several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been performed to investigate if MRI examinations have the potential to damage the DNA integrity in human blood cells, with inconclusive results. There might be many reasons for the inconclusiveness, and three recent reviews [Vijayalaxmi et al, 2015;Hill et al, 2016;Fatahi et al, 2017] have systematically compared and discussed the published scientific in vivo and in vitro experiments on genotoxic effects after MRI exposure, with the main focus on biological outcome. Vijayalaxmi et al [2015] pointed out that the exposure assessment is crucial in these types of studies and that there is a lack of good practice and relevant details about exposure in many of the published articles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valid Exposure Protocols Needed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genotoxic Research

Wilén

Olsrud

Frankel

et al. 2020

Bioelectromagnetics

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Several in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated if a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination can cause DNA damage in human blood cells. However, the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure that the cells received in the MR scanner was not sufficiently described. The first studies looking into this could be regarded as hypothesis‐generating studies. However, for further exploration into the role of MRI exposure on DNA integrity, the exposure itself cannot be ignored. The lack of sufficient method descriptions makes the early experiments difficult, if not impossible, to repeat. The golden rule in all experimental work is that a study should be repeatable by someone with the right knowledge and equipment, and this is simply not the case with many of the recent studies on MRI and genotoxicity. Here we discuss what is lacking in previous studies, and how we think the next generation of in vitro and in vivo studies on MRI and genotoxicity should be performed. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A review of genetic damage investigations

Cited by 82 publications

References 68 publications

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Toward 20 T magnetic resonance for human brain studies: opportunities for discovery and neuroscience rationale

Valid Exposure Protocols Needed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genotoxic Research

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