Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal adiposity in a large cohort of British children

Benfield, LL; Fox, Keith R.; Peters, D.M.; Blake, H.; Rogers, Imogen; Grant, C.C.; Ness, Andy R

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803780

Cited by 72 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…VF is rarely measured directly (with MRI) in adolescents in sample sizes exceeding tens of participants, 20,39,40 and the relative contributions of VF and TBF to BP have not been studied separately in adolescent boys and girls but only when pooled together. 39 In the latter case, it was shown that neither TBF nor VF is significantly related to BP when the 2 variables are considered together and sex is treated as a confounding variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Excess body fat deposited viscerally rather than elsewhere in the body is associated with higher risk for hypertension; this relationship is stronger in men than in women. Here we investigated whether similar sex dimorphism exists already in adolescence. A population-based sample of adolescent boys (nϭ237) and girls (nϭ262), age 12 to 18 years, was studied. Total body fat (TBF) was assessed with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance, and visceral fat (VF) was quantified with MRI. Blood pressure (BP) was measured beat by beat during an hour-long protocol, including supine, standing, sitting, mental stress, and poststress sections. Multivariate mixed-model analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of TBF and VF to BP during these sections. In boys, BP was strongly positively associated with VF (PϽ0.0001), whereas it was less strongly and negatively associated with TBF (Pϭ0.004); these relationships did not substantially vary during the protocol. In contrast, in girls, BP was strongly positively associated with TBF (Pϭ0.0006), whereas it was not associated with VF (Pϭ0.08); the relationship with TBF varied during the protocol and was most apparent during mental stress (TBF*section interaction: Pϭ0.002). Furthermore, when waist circumference was included in multivariate models instead of VF, it was not associated with BP in either sex; this indicates that waist circumference may not be an appropriate surrogate for VF. Thus, in adolescence, adiposity-related BP elevation is driven mainly by visceral fat in males and by fat deposited elsewhere in females. This dimorphism suggests sex-specific mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension and the need for sex-specific criteria of its prevention. (Hypertension. 2012;59:572-579.) • Online Data SupplementKey Words: abdominal obesity Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ adolescence Ⅲ sex differences and mental stress O verweight and obesity have become a major health problem not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. In Canada and the United States, Ϸ60% of adults and 30% of adolescents are currently overweight or obese. [1][2][3][4] In both countries, the proportion of obese adolescents has tripled over the last 30 years. 4,5 This is alarming, because obesity is a leading risk factor for hypertension, 6,7 which, in turn, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, 8 -10 still the main cause of death in industrialized countries. It is estimated that, at a population level, 65% to 78% of adult hypertension can be attributed to obesity. 11 The prevalence of hypertension is almost double in overweight and obese adults (35% to 50%) compared with normal weight individuals (23%). 2 A strong association between excess body fat and high blood pressure (BP) exists already among children and adolescents, with clinical hypertension occurring in 34% of those who are obese (Ն95th percentile). 12 The association of obesity and hypertension is related not only to excess body fat but also to its distribution. For any given quantity of total body fat (TBF), adults wh...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acredita-se que, em crianças e adolescentes, o IMC e a CA não são métodos que avaliem com sensibilidade adequada a presença de adiposidade visceral, talvez devido às mudanças expressivas de distribuição da gordura corporal nesse período 21 . Apesar disso, estudos recentes que avaliaram a composição de tecido adiposo em crianças e adolescentes por meio de RNM mostraram que a medida da CA e o cálculo do IMC são métodos viáveis para estimar gordura visceral e subcutânea, respectivamente 22,23 .…”

Section: Obesidadeunclassified

Is a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome applicable to children?

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To present the components of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents and to discuss how they are assessed in the pediatric population in addition to presenting the major metabolic syndrome classifications for the age group.Sources: A review of literature published from 1986 to 2008 and found on MEDLINE databases. Summary of the findings:The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing globally over recent decades and as a result its complications, such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, have also increased. The concept of metabolic syndrome, already common with adults, is now beginning to be applied to children through classifications using the criteria for adults modified for the younger age group. Notwithstanding, these classifications differ in terms of the cutoff points used and whether they employ body mass index or waist circumference to define obesity. The review presents these classifications, highlighting the points on which they differ and the debate about them. Conclusions:If childhood obesity goes untreated, it will have severe consequences in the future. A number of models for classifying metabolic syndrome in children have been published, but there is considerable diversions between them. The criteria for classifying metabolic syndrome in children therefore need to be standardized in order to identify those people at greatest risk of future complications. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(2):101-108:Childhood obesity, visceral fat, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance. ResumoObjetivo: Abordar os componentes da síndrome metabólica (SM) na criança e no adolescente discutindo como eles são avaliados na população infantil e apresentando as principais classificações de SM nessa faixa etária. Fontes dos dados:Revisão da literatura utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE no período de 1986 a 2008. Síntese dos dados:A prevalência de obesidade infantil nas últimas décadas tem aumentado no mundo todo e, consequentemente, suas complicações, como diabetes melito, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. O conceito de SM, já usado em adultos, começa a ser aplicado em crianças por meio de classificações que utilizam os critérios para adultos modificados para faixas etárias menores. No entanto, essas classificações apresentam divergências quanto ao valor de pontos de corte usados nos critérios e quanto à utilização do índice de massa corporal ou da medida da circunferência abdominal para definir a obesidade. Esta revisão apresenta essas classificações mostrando os pontos discordantes e a discussão em torno delas. Conclusões:Se não for tratada, a obesidade infantil terá consequên-cias graves no futuro. Alguns modelos de classificação de SM em crianças já foram apresentados, e observam-se consideráveis divergências entre eles. Assim, torna-se necessária a padronização desses critérios para a identificação dos indivíduos com maior risco de complicações futuras. Síndrome metabólica na infância -Pergher RN et al. J Pediatr (Rio J)

show abstract

“…Otros estudios demuestran lo mismo, como en Hong Kong (19) , Venezuela (20) , EE UU (21) y Grecia (24) . Sin embargo, el presente estudio mostró una diferencia percentilar mayor en el grupo femenino, lo mismo que encontró en adolescentes Yemenis (18) , sugiriéndose que es debido a la mayor presencia de grasa intraabdominal (32) y mayor maduración sexual (33) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

La circunferencia de la cintura en adolescentes del Perú

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumenIntroducción. La circunferencia de la cintura es una medida antropométrica importantísima en el estudio de la obesidad, pero no existe una población de referencia nacional. Objetivo. Poner a disposición una referencia percentilar suavizada y mostrar algunas características en relación a una serie de variables estudiadas. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Participantes. Adolescentes. Intervenciones. En 8 236 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años se midió la circunferencia de la cintura. Principales medidas de resultados. Promedios, desviación estándar y prevalencias de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados. Se presenta una referencia nacional de valores de circunferencia de la cintura y se toma el valor correspondiente al 90 percentilo como nivel de corte para identificar a los adolescentes con riesgo cardiovascular. Del total de la población estudiada, el 12% presentaba riesgo. Los que mostraban mayor riesgo fueron los del género masculino (12,1%), los que vivían en áreas urbanas (15,9%), en los dominios de Costa Sur (27,1%) y Lima Metropolitana (19,9%), en ciudades por debajo de los 1 000 msnm (15,4%), los obesos (94,8%) y los considerados no pobres (14,7%). A excepción del género, las demás variables presentaron una asociación significativamente estadística con la circunferencia de la cintura. Conclusiones. El riesgo cardiovascular ya estuvo presente a una edad temprana, lo que obliga a tomar las medidas correspondientes para su tratamiento. Palabras clave. Adolescentes; Circunferencia de la Cintura; Riesgo Cardiovascular. Abstract Introduction. Waist circumference is an important anthropometric measure in the study of obesity, but there is no reference from a national population. Objective. To present a smoothed reference percentile and to show some characteristics of variables studied. Design. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. Participants. Teenagers. Interventions. Waist circumference was measured in 8 236 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old. Main outcome measures. Averages, standard deviation and prevalence of cardiovascular risk. Results. A national reference of waist circumference values is presented and the value corresponding to the 90 percentile is taken as cutoff level to identify adolescents with cardiovascular risk. Of the population studied, 12% were at risk. Those presenting higher risk were the male adolescents (12.1%), those living in urban areas (15.9%), in the Southern Coast (27.1%), in Metropolitan Lima (19.9%), and in cities below 1 000 m (15.4%); obese adolescents (94.8%) and those considered non-poor (14.7%). With the exception of gender, other variables presented statistically significant association with waist circumference. Conclusions. The cardiovascular risk appeared already present at an early age, making it necessary to take appropriate management measures. Keywords. Adolescents; Waist Circumference; Cardiovascular Risk. An INTRODUCCIÓNEl Perú no se encuentra al margen del fenómeno de transición que vive el mundo, cuyas consecuencias inmediatas so...

show abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal adiposity in a large cohort of British children

Cited by 72 publications

References 46 publications

Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence

Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence

Is a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome applicable to children?

La circunferencia de la cintura en adolescentes del Perú

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About