Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow for TAFRO syndrome

Abstract

We report two cases of TAFRO syndrome, which is characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed a dark medullary pattern in the bone marrow on the T1- and T2-weighted images of both patients. One patient showed complete resolution after treatment. Serial MRIs of the improved patient revealed a transition to a normal marrow pattern on both images, which might represent resolution of the disease.

Renal Pathologic Findings in TAFRO Syndrome: Is There a Continuum Between Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis? A Case Report and Literature Review

“…After a thorough review of histopathological descriptions for the 20 cases: 4 MPGN-like patients seems to be a great deal of overlap between TMA (absence of immune complex deposits), 2 patients presented MPGN with straight deposits for which it is difficult to conclude in favor of a TMA (but without it being incompatible), 9 patients presented more argument in favor of TMA and 5 patients for which the details of the renal biopsy is not available (Table 1). One previous report speculates that renal histology in the early stages of TAFRO syndrome may begin with endotheliosis and glomerular double-contours, which are consistent with histopathology of TMA (19). Since we didn't find any etiology to explain MPGN, we suspect that there is a histopathological and probably physiopathology continuum between TMA and MPGN.…”

Severe refractory TAFRO syndrome requiring continuous renal replacement therapy complicated with Trichosporon asahii infection in the lungs and myocardial infarction: an autopsy case report and literature review

“…Steroid was used in 18 cases (94.7%), and mPSL pulse therapy was used in 17 cases (89.5%). Only 5 cases (26.3%) were successfully treated with steroid therapy alone [28,43,49,52]. It should be noted that almost all cases (84.2%) required HD within three weeks of admission.…”

“…An anterior mediastinal lesion could be associated with the etiology of TAFRO syndrome, and fibrous changes might correspond with inflammatory reactions associated with hypercytokinemia. Nakamura et al reported diffuse hypointensity of the bone marrow in T1-and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images in patients with TAFRO syndrome, and they assumed that these findings reflected a reduction in the fatty component corresponding to reconversion into hematopoietic marrow owing to anemia and thrombocytopenia [28]. Behnia et al mentioned the efficacy of FDG-PET for selecting a lymph node for biopsy, for ruling out malignancies, and for evaluating treatment response [29].…”

“…Some severe cases might require temporary hemodialysis (HD). We reviewed previously reported cases of TAFRO syndrome requiring HD during the clinical course in the English literature and identified 19 cases (16 Japanese cases [17,19,20,28,33,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]] and 3 non-Japanese cases [42,52,53]). Japanese patients were older than non-Japanese patients (mean age, 57.6 vs. 35.7 years).…”

“…Japanese patients were older than non-Japanese patients (mean age, 57.6 vs. 35.7 years). Two patients (10.5%) died during the clinical course [28,47]. Steroid was used in 18 cases (94.7%), and mPSL pulse therapy was used in 17 cases (89.5%).…”