Magnetic resonance imaging of common, uncommon, and rare implantation sites in ectopic pregnancy

Abstract

Transvaginal ultrasound is the primary imaging modality in ectopic pregnancy and MRI is used as a problem-solving tool in selected indications as detailed in the article. MRI features of tubal, interstitial, cervical, cesarean scar, cornual, ovarian, abdominal, and heterotopic pregnancies are provided to familiarize the radiologists with their appearances thereby assisting them in making early and accurate diagnosis.

Concurrent Ovarian and Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy After IVF-ET: Case Report and Literature Review

“…It should be noted that advances in ultrasound technology can rectify the shortcomings of intra- and post-operative diagnosis involving the criteria established. MRI can also be an effective adjunct to ultrasound in the case of a patient with a hemodynamically stable status ( Alalade et al, 2017 ; Ramanathan et al, 2018 ).…”

MRI of Acute Gynecologic Conditions

“…MRI can be a useful problem‐solving tool in patients who have an inconclusive or confounding ultrasound, particularly when there are factors affecting the ultrasound image quality, such as severe tenderness, large body habitus, excessive bowel gas, and the coexistence of ovarian mass . MRI is highly accurate in identifying the location of an extrauterine gestational sac, as it can localize the gestational sac in 93–100% of patients with an inconclusive ultrasound .…”

“…MRI is highly accurate in identifying the location of an extrauterine gestational sac, as it can localize the gestational sac in 93–100% of patients with an inconclusive ultrasound . Localization of the sac can help to guide management decisions in both surgical candidates and candidates for conservative treatment …”

“…MRI can help distinguish a cervical ectopic pregnancy from an incomplete abortion, particularly when ultrasound is inconclusive. An accurate distinction between these two entities is crucial, since dilatation and curettage, a standard treatment for an incomplete abortion, may lead to severe and potentially life‐threatening hemorrhage if performed on a patient with cervical ectopic . MRI is also the most accurate modality to assess for complications of cervical ectopic, including extent of placental invasion beyond the confines of the cervix, and invasion of the urinary bladder wall …”

A Rare Case of Ectopic Pregnancy at a Previous Laparoscopic Adenomyomectomy Scar

“…surgery could be done vaginally or laparoscopically. When in doubt, magnetic resonance imaging is a useful problemsolving tool that may aid management planning in complicated or rare forms of ectopic pregnancy by delineating the exact site of the gestational sac in relationship to the uterine scar [5].…”