Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats

Mackillop, Edward

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01784.x

Cited by 71 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Heterotopia of the Purkinje neurons in the granular layer of the cerebellum was a striking finding of the present case, and the hypermetria, ataxia and tremors of the head and neck observed here were likely associated with this change. These clinical signs were similar to those reported in cases of lissencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in dogs, cats (MACKILLOP, 2011), andhumans (AYALA et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Together, these findings suggest that the defect observed in this calf was not infectious in origin. Intrauterine lesions caused by toxic agents, hypoxia, and/or ischemia and trauma can cause cortical and cerebellar malformations due to the destruction of cells and immature neurons (MACKILLOP, 2011). However, in this case, there was no evidence that any of these factors could have caused the malformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Lissencephaly may involve the complete absence of gyri (agyria) or a reduction in the number of gyri. In this condition, abnormal thickening of the cortical mantle (pachygyria) occurs, and there is a loss of the cortical laminar pattern involving the presence of four layers rather than six (DE LAHUNTA & GLASS 2009;MACKILLOP, 2011). The malformation may present different degrees of severity that range from one to six with one being the most severe degree (DOBYNS & TRUWIT 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf

et al. 2016

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“…Current major distinct IHC entities described in human patients include ventricular neuroepithelial cysts9, 10, 11 and noncommunicating arachnoid cysts 12, 13, 14. In cats, there is a paucity of case reports of ventriculomegaly,15, 16, 17 mostly in association with arachnoid cysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Inherited Neurologic Syndrome in Toyger Cats with Forebrain Commissural Malformations, Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts

Keating

Sturges

Sisó

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIn children, frequent congenital malformations with concomitant agenesis of the corpus callosum are diagnosed by neuroimaging in association with other cerebral malformations, including interhemispheric cysts and ventriculomegaly. Similar studies providing full characterization of brain defects by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and correlations with the pertinent anatomic pathologic examinations are absent in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCongenital brain defects underlie the neurologic signs observed in Toyger cats selectively bred for a short ear phenotype.AnimalsUsing proper pedigree analysis and genetic evaluations, 20 related Oriental‐derived crossbred Toyger cats were evaluated. Seven clinically healthy (carrier) cats and 13 clinically affected cats that had neurologic signs, short ear phenotype and concomitant complex brain anomalies were studied.MethodsComplete physical and neurologic examinations and MRI were performed in all clinically healthy and affected cats. Postmortem and histopathologic examinations were performed in 8 affected cats and 5 healthy cats.ResultsNeurologic and MRI investigations confirmed 13 clinically affected cats with structural brain abnormalities. Ventriculomegaly with frequent concomitant supratentorial interhemispheric, communicating ventricular type‐1b cysts and multiple midline and callosal malformations were detected in all cats displaying neurologic signs. Genetic analysis confirmed autosomal recessive mode of inheritance with no chromosomal abnormalities.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNeuroanatomic dissections and histopathology were helpful for evaluation of abnormalities in midline brain structures, and for the full characterization of cysts. However, MRI was more sensitive for detection of small cysts. In this feline model, MRI diagnosis had extremely good correlation with pathologic abnormalities noted in the subset of animals that were examined by both modalities.

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“…Magnetic Resonance Imaging has revolutionised the diagnosis of intracranial malformations in small animal practice (Kraft et al 1989;Gavin 2011;MacKillop 2011).…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocephalus in dogs: a review

Przyborowska¹,

Adamiak²,

Jaskólska³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Hydrocephalus is a multifactoral disorder that was rarely diagnosed in dogs until the availability of advanced imaging techniques in veterinary practice. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of canine hydrocephalus including pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment solutions. The advantages and disadvantages of USG, RTG, CT and MRI as advanced diagnostic methods are discussed. For now Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the most useful tool in investigating hydrocephalus. The recommended sequences for MRI are T1-weighting images Spin echo, Field echo 3D with TR 380-750 ms, TE 12-25 ms, slice thickness 1-6 mm and with an interslice gap of 0-2 mm. The evaluation of cerebral ventricular system morphology in obtained MRI scans involves measuring the height, area and volume of the brain and lateral ventricles. The results are classified as normal state if the ratio of ventricular height to the brain height is above 14%, the ratio of ventricular area to the brain area amounts to above 7%, and the ventricular to brain volume ratio is above 5%. However, there are still problems relating to inter-and intrabreed comparison among examined dogs. Treatment solutions in hydrocephalus are also discussed in this review. The medical treatment of hydrocephalus aims to decrease CSF production and is based on using acetazolamide, furosemide and prednisone. Surgical management aims to place the ventriculoperitoneal shunt for CSF flow control. Postsurgical complications are also described in this review.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 71 publications

References 84 publications

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf

Characterization of an Inherited Neurologic Syndrome in Toyger Cats with Forebrain Commissural Malformations, Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts

Hydrocephalus in dogs: a review

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