Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected idiopathic bilateral C2 hypertrophic ganglioneuritis in dogs

Joslyn, Stephen; Driver, Colin; McConnell, Fraser; Penderis, Jacques; Wessmann, Annette

doi:10.1111/jsap.12305

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Enlargement of the peripheral nerves is a feature of various peripheral neuropathies, for which the term “hypertrophic neuritis” usually indicates the unique pathological changes associated with onion bulb formation [ 10 ]. Hypertrophic neuritis is a non-neoplastic condition, mainly causing demyelinating neuropathy in humans and dogs [ 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]. Many cases in humans are characterized by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) accompanied by the formation of onion bulbs composed of proliferated Schwann cells and chronic focal inflammation [ 1 , 10 , 13 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat

Kobatake

Sakai

Nishida

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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An 8-year-old castrated male cat presented with acute ataxia and paresis in all four limbs. The cat also exhibited signs of autonomic nervous system impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the brachial plexuses bilaterally. Despite treatment, the cat died after 10 days of treatment. A postmortem examination revealed swollen radial nerves and cervical nerve roots in which infiltration of inflammatory cells was histologically confirmed. Additionally, lymphocytic infiltration was found around the blood vessels of the sciatic nerve bundle and the vagus nerve. Histological features were comparable to previously reported brachial plexus hypertrophic neuritis in a cat. Our case was unique in that the autonomic nerves were also involved in addition to the somatic nerves in all four limbs.

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confidence: 99%

Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat

Kobatake

Sakai

Nishida

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…One case report described a full recovery following surgical removal of an enlarged C2 spinal nerve, which was later confirmed to be focal hypertrophic ganglioneuritis 29 . Similarly, a good prognosis was reported in a retrospective study in 12 dogs with bilateral C2 hypertrophic neuritis 28 . All clinically affected dogs in the study improved with either immunosuppressive doses of steroid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…However, due to the rapid recovery in the absence of specific medical management, infectious neuritis was felt very unlikely. Hypertrophic neuritis is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown origin which often affects the cervical region unilaterally or bilaterally and can be focal or multifocal 28 . Due to similar findings on clinical examination and advanced imaging modalities, it has been suggested that hypertrophic neuritis can mimic spinal nerve neoplasia leading to misdiagnosis where the underlying cause might in fact be inflammatory in origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign focal L5 nerve root enlargement in a dog

Mella

Jiménez

Decker

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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An English Springer Spaniel presented with an acute onset, progressive, left pelvic limb lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and intraoperative findings revealed an enlarged L5 left nerve root without additional abnormalities and, therefore, no underlying cause for the nerve root enlargement could be identified. The dog made a quick recovery following hemilaminectomy and was clinically normal 45 months after surgery. Morphometric analysis was obtained by measuring sagittal intervertebral foramen (IVF) surface areas. IVF areas in the clinical case were similar to unpublished data in normal English Springer Spaniels. Although a diagnosis of primary IVF stenosis could not be confirmed morphometrically, the lack of additional anatomical abnormalities in combination with an excellent clinical outcome was supportive of this condition. Nerve root enlargement can be caused by benign or malignant conditions.

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“…Our study has several limitations: the first limitation concerns the accuracy of data collection in a study that encompasses a period of almost 4 years and that in many cases did not have further investigations able to rule out concomitant conditions and/or a histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis. However, specific diagnostic guidelines were followed for each disease (Kraft et al , Lowrie et al , Granger et al , Carrera et al , Joslyn et al , De Decker et al ). A second important limitation is the inclusion of cases only referred to the Neurology and Neurosurgery Service of a single referral practice, which might have under‐ or overestimated specific diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical hyperaesthesia in dogs: an epidemiological retrospective study of 185 cases

Strobel

Paluš²,

Vettorato³

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To describe the prevalence, clinical findings and predictors of disease in dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia. Materials and Methods Medical records of dogs referred for neurological investigation of cervical hyperaesthesia between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were assigned to one of the following groups according to the final diagnosis: Non‐Neurologic, Brain, Cervical Spine, Multifocal, and Chiari‐like Malformation/Syringomyelia. Demographic data, clinical and neurological signs and laboratory findings were compared between groups using univariate analysis; predictors of disease location were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results Final diagnostic allocations of the 185 records included in the study were as follows: 2.7% Non‐Neurologic, 2.2% Brain, 63.2% Cervical Spine, 22.2% Multifocal and 9.7% Chiari Malformation/Syringomyelia. Intervertebral disc extrusion and steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis were the most common diseases. Compared to Multifocal dogs, those allocated a Cervical Spine diagnosis were older, heavier, more frequently ataxic and lame on a thoracic limb; furthermore, they were less frequently depressed or hyperthermic at presentation. Leucocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis were more frequent in dogs allocated a Multifocal diagnosis. Dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia older than 36 months and non‐hyperthermic at presentation were more likely to have a lesion of the cervical region rather than a multi‐focal disease. Clinical Significance Although non‐specific, these results may be useful to guide clinicians in management of dogs presenting with cervical hyperaesthesia. Animal age and body temperature may support the suspicion of either focal or multi‐focal cervical spinal disease.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected idiopathic bilateral C2 hypertrophic ganglioneuritis in dogs

Abstract: Bilaterally symmetric C2 neuritis likely represents idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis. Staffordshire bull terriers appear over represented. Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids should be considered for clinically significant lesions.

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat

Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat

Benign focal L5 nerve root enlargement in a dog

Cervical hyperaesthesia in dogs: an epidemiological retrospective study of 185 cases

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