Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Femoral Head of Normal Dogs and Dogs With Avascular Necrosis

Bowlus, Rachel A.; Armbrust, Laura J.; Biller, David S.; Hoskinson, James J.; Kuroki, Keiichi; Mosier, Derek A.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00309.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Prior human and animal studies have demonstrated that decreased MRI signal intensity in femoral AVN is nonspecific, reflecting a variety of histologic changes such as fat necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, marrow fibrosis, neovascularization, and lamellar bone formation, and that these tissue characteristics vary over time. 146 147 148 149 The clinical relevance of our result regarding noncontrast MRI is therefore uncertain, but may represent selection bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predictors of Failure for Vascularized and Nonvascularized Bone Grafting of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Systematic Review

Rancy

Wolfe

Jerome³

2022

Journal of Hand and Microsurgery

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Objective This article compares predictors of failure for vascularized (VBG) and nonvascularized bone grafting (NVBG) of scaphoid nonunions. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of outcomes after VBG and NVBG of scaphoid nonunion. Fifty-one VBG studies (N = 1,419 patients) and 81 NVBG studies (N = 3,019 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected on surgical technique, type of fixation, time from injury to surgery, fracture location, abnormal carpal posture (humpback deformity and/or dorsal intercalated segmental instability [DISI]), radiographic parameters of carpal alignment, prior failed surgery, smoking status, and avascular necrosis (AVN) as defined by punctate bleeding, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast, MRI without contrast, X-ray, and histology. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. Multilevel mixed-effects analyses were performed with univariable and multivariable Poisson regression to identify confounders and evaluate predictors of failure. Results The pooled failure incidence effect size was comparable between VBG and NVBG (0.09 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.13] and 0.08 [95% CI 0.06–0.11], respectively). Humpback deformity and/or DISI (incidence-rate radios [IRRs] 1.57, CI: 1.04–2.36) and lateral intrascaphoid angle (IRR 1.21, CI: 1.08–1.37) were significantly associated with an increased VBG failure incidence. Time from injury to surgery (IRR 1.09, CI: 1.06–1.12) and height-to-length (H/L) ratio (IRR 53.98, CI: 1.16–2,504.24) were significantly associated with an increased NVBG failure incidence, though H/L ratio demonstrated a wide CI. Decreased proximal fragment contrast uptake on MRI was a statistically significant predictor of increased failure incidence for both VBG (IRR 2.03 CI: 1.13–3.66) and NVBG (IRR 1.39, CI: 1.16–1.66). Punctate bleeding or radiographic AVN, scapholunate angle, radiolunate angle, and prior failed surgery were not associated with failure incidence for either bone graft type (p > 0.05). Conclusion Humpback deformity and/or DISI and increasing lateral intrascaphoid angle may be predictors of VBG failure. Time from injury to surgery may be a predictor of NVBG failure. AVN as defined by decreased contrast uptake on MRI may be a marker of increased failure risk for both bone graft types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predictors of Failure for Vascularized and Nonvascularized Bone Grafting of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Systematic Review

Rancy

Wolfe

Jerome³

2022

Journal of Hand and Microsurgery

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“…Contrast-enhanced images obtained in this phase may appear to show enhancement and, as a result, may be less informative about the vascular status [11]. One animal study also reported variable ap-pearances within bone after administration of contrast medium, with some "normal" femoral heads apparently not enhancing, whereas avascular femoral heads typically showed inhomogeneous enhancement [12]. In total, these studies describing apparent enhancement in pathologically confirmed areas of osteonecrosis raise the possibility that routine conventional contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging may be unreliable in determining the vascular status of the proximal pole of the scaphoid in patients with fracture nonunions.…”

Section: Fox Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Scaphoid Viability With MRI: A Reassessment of Findings on Unenhanced MR Images

Fox

Gaskin

Chhabra

et al. 2010

American Journal of Roentgenology

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“…Severe cases may compromise hind limb usage, locomotion and subsequent no weight bearing at all on the hind limb (Nebzydoski, 1982;Jones, 1985). The diagnosis is based on imaging such as radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (Nebzydoski, 1982;Jones, 1985;Bowlus et al, 2008). Radiographic findings may reveal enlargement at early stages and a flattening or collapse of the femoral head at late stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in dogs in Delta State, Nigeria

Uwagie-Ero¹,

Abiaezute²

2021

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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The study evaluated the prevalence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in dogs in Delta State, Nigeria. For ten years, data of cases presented to Veterinary Clinics in five government clinics in Delta state were evaluated and analysed. The breed of dog, sex, age on presentation, the limb affected and the radiographic appearance of the lesions on presentation were reviewed. The treatment and clinical management approaches were also reviewed and discussed. Of the cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head recorded (N = 24) for the period under review, breed prevalence recorded 62.5% (Alsatians); 16.67% (Caucasians) and 20.83% (Mixed Breeds). Sex prevalence recorded 79.17% females and 20.83% males. According to age at the time of the first presentation, 83.83% of the affected dogs were 6-12month old, 12.5% were 13-24month old, and 4.16% were 25–36 month-old. Lameness was observed in 91.67%, while 8.33% of cases presented non-weight bearing lameness. Pain in the limbs during palpation of the hip joint was detected in 100% of the cases. Atrophy in the hind limb was identified in 41.66% of the patients, while 62.5% of the dogs showed different degrees of medial patellar luxation. In 91.6% of cases, the disease was unilateral, with 63.63% unilateral lesions in the right hind limb and 36.37% in the left hind limb. The study results showed a high prevalence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in large breeds of dogs in the Delta state. The management of the disease is mainly conservative with poor follow-up. Cost of surgery and management may discourage owners from follow up. However, surgery remains the gold stand of care for managing avascular necrosis of the femoral head in dogs.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Femoral Head of Normal Dogs and Dogs With Avascular Necrosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Predictors of Failure for Vascularized and Nonvascularized Bone Grafting of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Systematic Review

Predictors of Failure for Vascularized and Nonvascularized Bone Grafting of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Systematic Review

Assessment of Scaphoid Viability With MRI: A Reassessment of Findings on Unenhanced MR Images

A retrospective study of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in dogs in Delta State, Nigeria

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