Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Speakers with Repaired Cleft Palate

Ha, Seunghee; Kuehn, David P.; Cohen, Mimis; Alperin, Noam

doi:10.1597/06-220.1

Cited by 68 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The levator muscle was found to be shorter and thinner (mean length of 40 mm and mean thickness of 3.7 mm) compared with the normative measures reported by Ettema et al 5 The angles of origin were more variable (ranging from right = 50-Y69-and left = 60-Y72-) across patients compared with the reported normative measures. The results of the study of Ha et al 6 serve as preliminary data in investigating the possible differences in the levator muscle in individuals with cleft palate compared with individuals without a cleft palate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniometric and Velopharyngeal Assessment of Infants With and Without Cleft Palate

Perry¹,

Kuehn²,

Sutton³

et al. 2011

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Results from the current study are in agreement with previous studies demonstrating variations across patients with cleft palate particularly in the muscle bundle lengths, distance between muscle origins, velar thickness, and velar length. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine how levator muscle and craniometric dimensions vary between those with and without cleft palate. A larger sample size is necessary to provide statistical analysis.

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confidence: 99%

Craniometric and Velopharyngeal Assessment of Infants With and Without Cleft Palate

Perry¹,

Kuehn²,

Sutton³

et al. 2011

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…Ha et al (2007) reported that participants with residual hypernasality demonstrated levator muscle dimensions that were different from levator muscle features in adults without cleft palate. Perry, Kuehn, Sutton, Gamage, and Fang (2014) hypothesized that velopharyngeal structures vary on the basis of sex and race among the adult population with normal anatomy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated the use of MRI in assessing levator muscle characteristics in adults with normal velopharyngeal anatomy (Bae, Kuehn, Sutton, Conway, & Perry, 2011;Ettema et al, 2002;Perry, Kuehn, & Sutton, 2013) as well as in adults with repaired cleft palate and hypernasal speech (Ha, Kuehn, Cohen, & Alperin, 2007). Ha et al (2007) reported that participants with residual hypernasality demonstrated levator muscle dimensions that were different from levator muscle features in adults without cleft palate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Racial Variations in Velopharyngeal and Craniometric Morphology in Children: An Imaging Study

Kollara

Perry

Hudson

2016

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine craniometric and velopharyngeal anatomy among young children (4-8 years of age) with normal anatomy across Black and White racial groups. Method: Thirty-two healthy children (16 White and 16 Black) with normal velopharyngeal anatomy participated and successfully completed the magnetic resonance imaging scans. Measurements included 11 craniofacial and 9 velopharyngeal measures. Results: Two-way analysis of covariance was used to determine the effects of race and sex on velopharyngeal measures and all craniometric measures except head circumference. Head circumference was included as a covariate to control for overall cranial size. Sex did not have a significant effect on any of the craniometric measures. Significant racial differences were demonstrated for face height. A significant race effect was also observed for mean velar length, velar thickness, and velopharyngeal ratio. Conclusion:The present study provides separate craniofacial and velopharyngeal values for young Black and White children. Data from this study can be used to examine morphological variations with respect to race and sex.

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“…Models can integrate the wealth of literature describing the anatomy, physical properties, and in vivo function of the VP mechanism [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and then be used to systematically investigate cause-and-effect relationships that would be either impossible to accomplish in vivo or take decades of clinical trials to uncover. For example, models have the ability to quantify the effect of varying surgical parameters, like the extent of LVP overlap.…”

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A Computational Model of Velopharyngeal Closure for Simulating Cleft Palate Repair

Inouye¹,

Pelland

Lin³

et al. 2015

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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The levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle has long been recognized as the muscle that contributes most to velopharyngeal (VP) closure and is therefore of principal importance for restoring normal speech in patients with a cleft palate. Different surgical reconstructive procedures can utilize varying degrees of LVP overlap, and this study developed a new finite-element model of VP closure designed to understand the biomechanical effects of LVP overlap. A three-dimensional finite-element model was created from adult anatomical dimensions and parameters taken from the literature. Velopharyngeal function was simulated and compared with experimental measurements of VP closure force from a previous study. Varying degrees of overlap and separation of the LVP were simulated, and the corresponding closure force was calculated. The computational model compares favorably with the experimental measurements of closure force from the literature. Furthermore, the model predicts that there is an optimal level of overlap that maximizes the potential for the LVP to generate closure force. The model predicts that achieving optimal overlap can increase closure force up to roughly 100% when compared with too little or too much overlap. The results of using this new model of VP closure suggest that optimizing LVP overlap may produce improved surgical outcomes due to the intrinsic properties of muscle. Future work will compare these model predictions with clinical observations and provide further insights into optimal cleft palate repair and other craniofacial surgeries.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Speakers with Repaired Cleft Palate

Abstract: This study contributes to a better understanding of cleft palate anatomy in comparison with normal anatomy of the levator veli palatini muscle. The use of MRI shows promise as an important tool in the diagnosis and eventual aid to treatment decisions for individuals born with cleft palate.

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Craniometric and Velopharyngeal Assessment of Infants With and Without Cleft Palate

Craniometric and Velopharyngeal Assessment of Infants With and Without Cleft Palate

Racial Variations in Velopharyngeal and Craniometric Morphology in Children: An Imaging Study

A Computational Model of Velopharyngeal Closure for Simulating Cleft Palate Repair

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