Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain at 3 Tesla

Silva, Nivaldo Adolfo da; Vassallo, José; Sarian, Luís Otávio; Cognard, Christophe; Sévely, A

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000012602

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MRI is the best method for assessing the CNS of fetuses with suspected defects. 22 The absence of ionizing radiations and the ability for greater tissue differentiation allows for a better study of the CNS, thus eliminating the limitations caused by skull artifact or fetal position. Further MRI studies are warranted for a more detailed and specific evaluation of the brain abnormalities caused by congenital ZIKV infection, in addition to the studies involving a more homogenous design, with a higher number of evaluated outcomes, and studies that have two independent evaluators who are well trained to examine the images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection

et al. 2020

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Background Many original articles and case series have been published emphasizing the neuroimaging findings of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The majority of these studies do not follow a neuroradiological methodology to describe malformations and brain abnormalities resulting from ZIKV infection. The cause-and-effect correlation between the gestational period of maternal infection and the severity of encephalic changes at birth has rarely been reported. A systematic literature review was conducted on the neuroimaging findings in children affected with microcephaly due to ZIKV. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for full-text articles published up to July 2019. Duplicate entries were removed. Two independent reviewers performed a quality assessment of all the studies included. Results A total of 2214 publications were identified. Of these 2170 were excluded by analysis of titles and abstracts, resulting in the inclusion of only eight articles. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed with a 95% confidence interval to verify the statistically significant differences in the neuroradiological findings between the cases of ZIKV infection in the first or second trimester of gestation. The studies published so far have described image abnormalities at random, without utilizing any pre-established neuroradiological criteria, and imaging modalities with different sensitivity and accuracy have been used, which jeopardizes a reliable and adequate statistical analysis. Conclusions Neuroimaging abnormalities are much more prevalent and severe when the infection by ZIKV is contracted in the first or second trimester of pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection

et al. 2020

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“…Radial sampling has proven to be very useful and especially suitable for populations such as pregnant women [20,21]. Respiratory motion is more disturbing to imaging if the fetus is in breech presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Image Contrast for the Developing Fetal Brain using 3D Radial VIBE Sequence in 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Liao

Jia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Faster and motion robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are desirable in fetal brain MRI. T1-weighted images are essential for evaluating fetal brain development. We optimized the radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence for qualitative T1-weighted images of the fetal brain with improved image contrast and reduced motion sensitivity. Materials and Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved prospective study. Thirty-two pregnant subjects underwent fetal brain scan at 3 Tesla MRI. T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3D radial VIBE sequence with flip angles of 6º, 9º, 12º, and 15º and turbo FLASH (TFL) sequence. Qualitative assessments including image quality and motion artifact severity were evaluated. The image contrast ratio between gray and white matter were measured. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver repeatability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results: Interobserver reliability and intraobserver repeatability universally revealed almost perfect agreement (ICC > 0.800). Significant differences in image quality were detected in basal ganglia (P < 0.001), central sulcus (P = 0.005), myelination (P < 0.001), lateral fissure (P = 0.008), optic chiasm (P < 0.001), and gray matter (P < 0.001) among radial VIBE with flip angles 6º, 9º, 12º, 15º and TFL groups. Image quality at the 9º flip angle in radial VIBE was generally better than TFL. Radial VIBE sequence with 9º flip angle of gray matter was significantly different by gestational age (GA) before and after 28 weeks (P = 0.036). Quantified image contrast was significantly different among protocols, consistent with qualitative analysis of image quality.Conclusions: Three-dimensional radial VIBE with 9º flip angle provides optimal, stable T1-weighted images of the fetal brain. Fetal brain structure and development can be evaluated using high-quality images obtained using this angle.

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“…Moreover, the increased contrast resolution of fetal MRI allows detection of subtle CNS abnormalities that are prognostic indicators for the postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome [7]. Many disciplines, including obstetric, perinatology, genetics, pediatric surgery, and neurology, are involved in fetal MRI; therefore, the future of fetal MRI can be achieved through multidisciplinary collaborative team [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond fetal magnetic resonance diagnosis of corpus callosum agenesis

Ibrahim

Emad‐Eldin

2020

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is a midline congenital anomaly. Routine prenatal 2D ultrasonography (2D US) can suggest CCA. A definitive diagnosis and identification of more subtle associated neurological or non-neurological abnormalities are difficult to be detected by prenatal 2D US; therefore, a further study by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. This study highlights the role and evaluates the diagnostic value of fetal MRI in the diagnosis of CCA and identifying the associated anomalies, which is a prognostic of the postnatal developmental outcome. Results Out of 27 fetuses that were suspected to have CCA on prenatal US, fetal MRI diagnosed 25/27 fetuses (92.5%) with CCA, while the last 2/27 (7.5%) were ruled out; being false positive (FP) on prenatal US, they had normal corpus callosum (CC). Cases diagnosed as CCA were either complete 77.7% (n = 21) or partial agenesis 14.8% (n = 4). They were classified as followed: Only 5/25 (18.5%) had isolated CCA, while the majority 20/25 (74%) of CCA were complex form associated with other anomalies (most of them 14 cases (70%) associated with other neurological anomalies, while 4 cases (20%) associated with other non-neurological anomalies, and last 2 cases (10%) were having both anomalies). The diagnostic performance of fetal MRI in diagnosis of CCA was as follows: sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%, positive predictive value (PPV) 96%, negative predictive value (NPV) 100%, and accuracy 96.3%. The sensitivity of the detection of associated neurological abnormalities was 100% by fetal MRI for 75% by 2D US. Conclusion The prevalence of the complex CCA is higher than the isolated form. Fetal MRI is a valuable adjunctive complementary imaging to prenatal 2D US with high diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of fetuses with CCA. It confirms the diagnosis, assesses the extent of agenesis, and detects coexisting anomalies, which is a prognostic of the postnatal developmental outcome.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain at 3 Tesla

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection

Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection

Optimization of the Image Contrast for the Developing Fetal Brain using 3D Radial VIBE Sequence in 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Beyond fetal magnetic resonance diagnosis of corpus callosum agenesis

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