Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Kidney Structure, Function, and Pathology: Moving Toward Clinical Application

Francis, Susan T.; Selby, Nicholas M.

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.02.007

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for nephropathy: Recent advances in MRI have shown promise in the evaluation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common microvascular complication of T2DM. These advances include multiparametric MRI, which allows for collecting multiple quantitative measures to assess kidney morphology, tissue microstructure, oxygenation, kidney blood flow, and perfusion in a single scan session [31]. Additionally, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI-MRI) has emerged as a promising method for assessing renal microstructure, particularly fibrosis, in DKD [32].…”

Section: Advanced Imaging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Frontier: Emerging Techniques for Detecting Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review

Raut,

Acharya,

Deolikar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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This review comprehensively explores emerging techniques for detecting microvascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), addressing the critical need for advancements in early detection and management. As T2DM continues to rise globally, microvascular complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with the condition. The review synthesizes key findings, revealing various emerging technologies, from advanced imaging modalities to genomic and proteomic approaches. It underscores the potential for personalized medicine, emphasizing the importance of tailoring diagnostic strategies to individual patient profiles. Challenges, including the lack of standardized criteria and issues related to patient adherence, highlight the necessity for collaborative efforts. The conclusion issues a call to action, advocating for enhanced collaboration, increased research investment, patient empowerment through education, and seamless integration of emerging diagnostic techniques into routine clinical care. The review envisions a transformative shift in detecting and managing microvascular complications in T2DM, ultimately improving patient outcomes and contributing to a healthier future for individuals affected by this prevalent metabolic disorder.

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Section: Advanced Imaging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Frontier: Emerging Techniques for Detecting Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review

Raut,

Acharya,

Deolikar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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show abstract

“…In CKD patients, lower T2* values indicate a higher concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin, signifying more severe renal hypoxia 8 . Several studies have demonstrated that BOLD MRI is a viable tool for evaluating renal oxygenation levels in CKD 9,10 , and con rmed the accuracy of T 2 * values in predicting decline in renal function 11 . However, due to factors like variability in measurement techniques and limited large-scale retrospective studies, the validity of BOLD MRI remains controversial 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI for evaluating renal function in chronic kidney disease: A preliminary retrospective study

Zhang,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Renal hypoxia is a key factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet it is challenging to evaluate non-invasively. This study utilized Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) MRI to assess renal oxygenation and function in CKD patients and healthy volunteers (HVs). We retrospectively analyzed BOLD MRI data from 128 CKD patients and 25 HVs. CKD patients were categorized into mild (CKD stages 1-2), moderate (stage 3), and severe (stages 4-5) impairment groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study measured cortical and medullary T2* values (COT2* and MET2*), investigating their differences and correlations with eGFR and clinical indicators such as serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (Cys C), beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Our findings indicated that both COT2* and MET2* values were significantly higher in HVs than in all CKD groups and decreased progressively with advancing CKD (P < 0.001). Notably, the decrease in T2* values correlated significantly with worsening renal function, evidenced by positive correlations with clinical indicators such as Scr, Cys C, β2-MG, and BUN (all P < 0.001), and negative correlations with eGFR (P < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between T2* values and UA (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further refined the clinical utility of BOLD MRI, identifying optimal cut-points for differentiating between stages: COT2* values were 62.25 ms between HVs and CKD stages 1-2, 52.58 ms between CKD stages 1-2 and 3, and 42.76 ms between CKD stages 3 and 4-5; MET2* values were 36.17 ms, 29.42 ms, and 23.33 ms, respectively, for these comparisons.This study highlights BOLD MRI's potential for non-invasively monitoring renal hypoxia and functional deterioration in CKD, advocating its integration into clinical diagnostics.

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“…Noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques for assessing kidney function, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and optical imaging, have been widely used to evaluate renal function using exogenous renal clearable imaging probes. Among these techniques, in vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has its own unique advantages, such as low cost, high spatiotemporal resolution, superb sensitivity, and the absence of radiation exposure risks; therefore, it has been widely used in preclinical studies to facilitate the understanding of kidney diseases and the development of renal medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection and Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction by a PEGylated Conventional Fluorophore via GFR-Sensitive Renal Transport

Peng,

Qi,

et al. 2024

Bioconjugate Chem.

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Noninvasive fluorescence imaging of renal function is a valuable technique for understanding kidney disease progression and the development of renal medicine. This technique requires sensitive imaging probes for reporting renal dysfunction accurately at early stage. Herein, a molecularly engineered imaging probe (800CW–PEG45–COOH) was synthesized by simply PEGylating conventional near-infrared fluorophore IRDye800CW with NH2–PEG45–COOH (molecular weight ∼2100 Da) for early detection and staging of renal dysfunction through noninvasive real-time kidney imaging. 800CW–PEG45–COOH not only cleared through the kidney efficiently (>90% injection dosage at 24 h postinjection) but was also found to be freely filtered by glomeruli without renal tubular reabsorption and secretion. Despite this simple construction strategy, the transport of 800CW–PEG45–COOH within the kidneys was extremely sensitive to the alteration of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which enabled it to detect renal dysfunction much earlier than commonly used serum biomarkers and stage kidney function impairments (mild vs severe dysfunction) via imaging-based kidney clearance kinetics. This work not only provides a promising optical imaging probe for the noninvasive evaluation of kidney function but also highlights the utility of PEGylation in enhancing the performance of conventional organic dyes in biomedical applications.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Kidney Structure, Function, and Pathology: Moving Toward Clinical Application

Cited by 14 publications

References 63 publications

Navigating the Frontier: Emerging Techniques for Detecting Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review

Navigating the Frontier: Emerging Techniques for Detecting Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review

Blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI for evaluating renal function in chronic kidney disease: A preliminary retrospective study

Early Detection and Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction by a PEGylated Conventional Fluorophore via GFR-Sensitive Renal Transport

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