Magnetic resonance imaging volumes of the hippocampus in drug-naïve patients with post-traumatic stress disorder without comorbidity conditions

Bossini, Letizia; Tavanti, M.; Calossi, Sara; Lombardelli, A.; Polizzotto, Nicola Riccardo; Galli, Rosita; Vatti, Giampaolo; Pieraccini, Fulvio; Castrogiovanni, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.08.004

Cited by 68 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Hippocampal volumes appear to be diminished in PTSD in some (Bossini et al, 2008;Bremner et al, 1995Bremner et al, , 1997Bremner et al, , 2003aGilbertson et al, 2002;Gurvits et al, 1996;Karl et al, 2006;Kitayama et al, 2005;Smith, 2005;Stein et al, 1997;Villarreal et al, 2002a;Wignall et al, 2004;Winter and Irle, 2004;Woon and Hedges, 2008), but not all studies (Bonne et al, 2001;Carrion et al, 2001;De Bellis et al, 1999, 2002Fennema-Notestine et al, 2002;Golier et al, 2005;Pederson et al, 2004). Hippocampal volumes have been inversely associated with verbal memory deficits (Bremner et al, 1995), combat exposure severity (Gurvits et al, 1996), dissociative symptom severity (Bremner et al, 2003a;Stein et al, 1997), depression severity (Villarreal et al, 2002a), and PTSD symptom severity (Bremner et al, 2003a;Gilbertson et al, 2002;Villarreal et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders

Shin

Liberzon

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

1,747

927

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Anxiety disorders are a significant problem in the community, and recent neuroimaging research has focused on determining the brain circuits that underlie them. Research on the neurocircuitry of anxiety disorders has its roots in the study of fear circuits in animal models and the study of brain responses to emotional stimuli in healthy humans. We review this research, as well as neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders. In general, these studies have reported relatively heightened amygdala activation in response to disorder-relevant stimuli in post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, and specific phobia. Activation in the insular cortex appears to be heightened in many of the anxiety disorders. Unlike other anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with diminished responsivity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent ventral medial prefrontal cortex. Additional research will be needed to (1) clarify the exact role of each component of the fear circuitry in the anxiety disorders, (2) determine whether functional abnormalities identified in the anxiety disorders represent acquired signs of the disorders or vulnerability factors that increase the risk of developing them, (3) link the findings of functional neuroimaging studies with those of neurochemistry studies, and (4) use functional neuroimaging to predict treatment response and assess treatment-related changes in brain function.

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Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders

Shin

Liberzon

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

1,747

927

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“…In our view, strong tests of that framework are predicated on the presence of main effects of a PTSD diagnosis on both hippocampal structure and declarative memory performance. Employing these requirements, we have reviewed studies in the Karl meta-analysis of hippocampal fi ndings in PTSD (Karl et al, 2006 ) and fi ve studies published since then (Bonne et al, 2008 ;Bossini et al, 2008 ;Pavic et al, 2007 ;Tischler et al, 2006 ;Yehuda et al, 2007 ). Among those 26 studies, 16 reported a smaller hippocampus in PTSD in at least one hemisphere.…”

Section: Symposiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal volume and declarative memory function in combat-related PTSD

Woodward

Kaloupek

Grande

et al. 2009

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The proposition that declarative memory defi cits are systematically related to smaller hippocampal volume was tested in a relatively large sample ( n = 95) of U.S. military veterans with and without combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. This correlative analysis was extended by including multiple measures of verbal and visual declarative memory and multiple memory-relevant regional brain volumes that had been shown to exhibit main effects of PTSD in prior work. Small-to-moderate effects were observed on verbal declarative memory in line with a recent meta-analysis; nevertheless, little or no evidence of systematic linear covariation between memory measures and brain volumes was observed. ( JINS , 2009, 15, 830-839. )

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“…Abnormal function of these subcortical brain structures may be related to an underlying compromised anatomical integrity (Shin et al, 2006). Indeed, the hippocampus has frequently been found to be smaller in PTSD patients or traumatized subjects without PTSD, compared with healthy controls (Villarreal et al, 2002;Wignall et al, 2004;Vythilingam et al, 2005;Bossini et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2010;Apfel et al, 2011), though not always (Fennema-Notestine et al, 2002;Pederson et al, 2004;Golier et al, 2005). Nevertheless, smaller bilateral hippocampus volumes appeared to be found consistently, as indicated by recent meta-analyses (Karl et al, 2006;Woon et al, 2010;Woon and Hedges, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence for smaller right amygdala volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder following childhood trauma

Veer

Oei

Buchem

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Hippocampus and amygdala volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood trauma are relatively understudied, albeit the potential importance to the disorder. Whereas some studies reported smaller hippocampal volumes, little evidence was found for abnormal amygdala volumes. Here we investigated hippocampus and amygdala volumes and shapes in an adult sample of PTSD patients related to childhood trauma. T1-weighted MR images were acquired from 12 female PTSD patients with trauma related to physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse before age 18, and from 12 matched controls. Hippocampus and amygdala were segmented, and volumes were calculated and corrected for the total intracranial volume. Additionally, a shape analysis was done on the surface of the structures to explore abnormalities in specific subnuclei. Smaller right amygdala volumes were found in PTSD patients as compared with the controls. This difference appeared to be located specifically in the basolateral and superficial nuclei groups. Severity of sexual abuse during childhood was negatively correlated with the size of the amygdala. No difference in hippocampal volumes was found. Although our results are not conclusive, traumatic events in childhood might impede normal development of the amygdala, which could render a person more vulnerable to develop PTSD later in life.

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Magnetic resonance imaging volumes of the hippocampus in drug-naïve patients with post-traumatic stress disorder without comorbidity conditions

Cited by 68 publications

References 82 publications

The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders

The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders

Hippocampal volume and declarative memory function in combat-related PTSD

Evidence for smaller right amygdala volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder following childhood trauma

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