Magnetic resonance imaging with optical preamplification and detection

Simonsen, Anders; Sánchez‐Heredia, Juan D.; Saarinen, S.; Ardenkjær-Larsen, Jan Henrik; Schließer, Albert; Polzik, E. S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54200-3

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We find that the conversion noise so far precludes a quantum limited operation and we present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental noise analysis to evaluate the potential for scalable and noise-free conversion in the future. Such a power-efficient, ultra-sensitive, and highly integrated hybrid interconnect might find applications ranging from quantum communication 8 and RF receivers 19 to magnetic resonance imaging 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface

Arnold¹,

Wulf²,

Barzanjeh³

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface

Arnold¹,

Wulf²,

Barzanjeh³

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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“…(12)] and C OM [Eq. (10)] which together contributes to the peak efficiency η peak while only the latter contributes to the optical noise N o in electrical-to-optical conversion. Here, we derive approximate analytical relations to optimize the figures of merit.…”

Section: Appendix G: Amplification and Optical Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a)) to enable, for example, distributed quantum computing and quantum networks based on superconducting quantum nodes [5,6]. This approach is also a key enabling platform for low-noise optical detection of weak microwave signals [7], e.g., in the context of nuclear magnetic resonance [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-to-Optical Transduction Using a Mechanical Supermode for Coupling Piezoelectric and Optomechanical Resonators

Zeuthen

Balram

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Applied

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The successes of superconducting quantum circuits at local manipulation of quantum information and photonics technology at long-distance transmission of the same have spurred interest in the development of quantum transducers for efficient, low-noise, and bidirectional frequency conversion of photons between the microwave and optical domains. We propose to realize such functionality through the coupling of electrical, piezoelectric, and optomechanical resonators. The coupling of the mechanical subsystems enables formation of a resonant mechanical supermode that provides a mechanically-mediated, efficient single interface to both the microwave and optical domains. The conversion process is analyzed by applying an equivalent circuit model that relates device-level parameters to overall figures of merit for conversion efficiency η and added noise N . These can be further enhanced by proper impedance matching of the transducer to an input microwave transmission line. The performance of potential transducers is assessed through finite-element simulations, with a focus on geometries in GaAs, followed by considerations of the AlN, LiNbO3, and AlN-on-Si platforms. We present strategies for maximizing η and minimizing N , and find that simultaneously achieving η > 50 % and N < 0.5 should be possible with current technology. Our comprehensive analysis of the full transduction chain enables us to outline a development path for the realization of high-performance quantum transducers that will constitute a new resource for quantum information science.

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“…A typical clinical MRI machine uses a primary magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 to 3 Tesla (termed as 1.5 or 3T) and specifically designed radiofrequency induction coils to produce highly detailed images (Simonsen et al 2019). The image acquisition is based on the interaction of hydrogen nuclei associated with water molecules present in the human body, with a radio frequency pulse applied in the presence of a uniform magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Polymer Colloids for Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging

Riaz

Khizar

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine

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Magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo diagnosis has been widely used based on numerous contrast agents ranging from molecular size to nanoparticles. This non-invasive technique has been used for various instantaneous in vivo diagnosis via direct imaging of the body to evaluate the state of different organs including spleen, liver, kidneys, pancreas, blood vessels, all possible tumors of chest and abdomen, inflammatory bowel disease and vessel, malformations of the blood vessels and fetus in the womb, etc. Then the aim of this chapter is not only to report the fundamentals and the basis of magnetic resonance imaging, but also the recent developments and utilization in life sciences. In addition, ultrasensitive molecular imaging through the development of combinatorial thin film gradients containing magnetic nanoparticles is reported and described.

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Magnetic resonance imaging with optical preamplification and detection

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface

Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface

Microwave-to-Optical Transduction Using a Mechanical Supermode for Coupling Piezoelectric and Optomechanical Resonators

Magnetic Polymer Colloids for Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging

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