Magnetic resonance measurements of flow-path enhancement during supercritical CO2 injection in sandstone and carbonate rock cores

Vogt, Sarah J.; Shaw, Colin A.; Maneval, James E.; Brox, Timothy I.; Skidmore, M. L.; Codd, Sarah L.; Seymour, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2014.08.013

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, transversal 2‐D images have been collected with the Multi‐slice Spin Echo Imaging Sequence [ Chen et al ., ; Fordham et al ., ; Vogt et al ., ]. These images only represent a longitudinal slice (4.9 mm) and have therefore been used to have a qualitative picture of the porosity over time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Manceau

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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The two-phase flow characterization (CO 2 /water) of a Triassic sandstone core from the Paris Basin, France, is reported in this paper. Absolute properties (porosity and water permeability), capillary pressure, relative permeability with hysteresis between drainage and imbibition, and residual trapping capacities have been assessed at 9 MPa pore pressure and 28 C (CO 2 in liquid state) using a single core-flooding apparatus associated with magnetic resonance imaging. Different methodologies have been followed to obtain a data set of flow properties to be upscaled and used in large-scale CO 2 geological storage evolution modeling tools. The measurements are consistent with the properties of well-sorted water-wet porous systems. As the mineralogical investigations showed a nonnegligible proportion of carbonates in the core, the experimental protocol was designed to observe potential impacts on flow properties of mineralogical changes. The magnetic resonance scanning and mineralogical observations indicate mineral dissolution during the experimental campaign, and the core-flooding results show an increase in porosity and water absolute permeability. The changes in two-phase flow properties appear coherent with the pore structure modifications induced by the carbonates dissolution but the changes in relative permeability could also be explained by a potential increase of the water-wet character of the core. Further investigations on the impacts of mineral changes are required with other reactive formation rocks, especially carbonate-rich ones, because the implications can be significant both for the validity of laboratory measurements and for the outcomes of in situ operations modeling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Manceau

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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“…For x‐ray tomographic imaging techniques with FOVs comparable to standard plug dimensions (several centimeters), the resolution achievable is on the order of millimeters [ Pini and Benson , ; Niu et al ., ]. One alternative approach for studying rock flooding experiments on this length scale is the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging techniques [ Prather et al ., ; Vogt et al ., ]. Compared to x‐ray methods, NMR imaging has a considerably poorer spatial resolution, and can potentially be compromised when applied to magnetically heterogeneous materials such as sedimentary rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary trapping quantification in sandstones using NMR relaxometry

Connolly

Vogt

Iglauer

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Capillary trapping of a non‐wetting phase arising from two‐phase immiscible flow in sedimentary rocks is critical to many geoscience scenarios, including oil and gas recovery, aquifer recharge and, with increasing interest, carbon sequestration. Here we demonstrate the successful use of low field 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [NMR] to quantify capillary trapping; specifically we use transverse relaxation time [T2] time measurements to measure both residual water [wetting phase] content and the surface‐to‐volume ratio distribution (which is proportional to pore size] of the void space occupied by this residual water. Critically we systematically confirm this relationship between T2 and pore size by quantifying inter‐pore magnetic field gradients due to magnetic susceptibility contrast, and demonstrate that our measurements at all water saturations are unaffected. Diffusion in such field gradients can potentially severely distort the T2‐pore size relationship, rendering it unusable. Measurements are performed for nitrogen injection into a range of water‐saturated sandstone plugs at reservoir conditions. Consistent with a water‐wet system, water was preferentially displaced from larger pores while relatively little change was observed in the water occupying smaller pore spaces. The impact of cyclic wetting/non‐wetting fluid injection was explored and indicated that such a regime increased non‐wetting trapping efficiency by the sequential occupation of the most available larger pores by nitrogen. Finally the replacement of nitrogen by CO2 was considered; this revealed that dissolution of paramagnetic minerals from the sandstone caused by its exposure to carbonic acid reduced the in situ bulk fluid T2 relaxation time on a timescale comparable to our core flooding experiments. The implications of this for the T2‐pore size relationship are discussed.

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“…Rock reactivity with CO 2 and brine was not considered. Vogt et al (2014) provided magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow path enhancement in a CO 2 −brine environment for sandstone and carbonate cores. They observed measurable porosity changes for carbonates, while sandstones did not display any significant changes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, acidizing is conducted to deliberately increase reservoir permeability to promote transport of fluids. Dissolution in the pore structure caused by the acidic solution injection leads to greater connectivity and injectivity. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive and Pore Structure Changes in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Kweon

Payne

Deo

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The importance of reactions involving CO 2 , brine, and rock formations into which CO 2 is injected for CO 2 sequestration in saline aquifers is understood. However, the pore-level changes that occur due to these reactions under flow conditions and their impact on the ultimate fate of CO 2 in the repository have not received the same level of attention because of the perceived slowness of the carbonation reactions. In this paper we examine these reactive changes and their impact on the pore structure in sandstones and limestones at realistic aquifer pressure and temperatures, and under reactive flow conditions. The changes observed at the pore-level by direct porosity and microcomputer tomography measurements were complemented by the measurements of time-dependent effluent concentrations of target cations. It is observed that iron chemistry plays an important role in the dissolution and precipitation reactions in Berea sandstone. Illite dissolution leads to a peak in iron concentration in effluent brines. A higher level of dissolution and an increased porosity are observed near the inlet of the core. In limestones, consistent dissolution is observed throughout the experiment. Wormholes are also generated for experiments with larger total flow rates. Results show that reactive changes can cause significant pore-level changes over a short injection span during CO 2 sequestration in saline aquifers with profound implications on injectivity and possibly major mechanical changes.

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Magnetic resonance measurements of flow-path enhancement during supercritical CO2 injection in sandstone and carbonate rock cores

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Capillary trapping quantification in sandstones using NMR relaxometry

Reactive and Pore Structure Changes in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

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Magnetic resonance measurements of flow-path enhancement during supercritical CO2 injection in sandstone and carbonate rock cores

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO2/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO2/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Capillary trapping quantification in sandstones using NMR relaxometry

Reactive and Pore Structure Changes in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes