Magnetic Resonance, Ultrasound and Histopathologic Correlation of Acute and Healing Equine Tendon Injuries

Crass, Jeffrey R.; Genovese, Ronald L.; Render, James A.; Bellon, Errol M.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb00135.x

Cited by 95 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Entretanto, a correlação de achados ultra-sonográficos associados a variação de tonalidade da cor cinza (ecogenicidade) com alterações histopatológicas foi questionada por Crass et al (1992), que encontraram imagens ultra-sonográficas que permaneceram alteradas ainda que a histopatologia demonstrasse realinhamento fibrilar adequado e completa cicatrização da lesão. Este achado foi posteriormente confirmado por van Schie et al (1998) ao realizarem estudo quantificando os efeitos de variáveis associadas ao aparelho ultra-sonográfico, como configuração do ganho, posição e deslocamento do transdutor.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica

et al. 2009

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RESUMO.-O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) no tratamento da tendinite induzida no tendão do músculo flexor digital superficial (TFDS) de eqüinos mediante avaliação ultrasonográfica. Para isso foram utilizados seis eqüinos hígidos machos castrados, com idade de 8-15 anos (x=12 anos). A tendinite do TFDS foi provocada em ambos os membros torácicos, mediante a administração intratendínea de 2,5mg de colagenase (2,5mg.μL -1 ), sendo esse procedimento considerado o início da fase experimental. Doze dias após a indução da tendinite, os animais foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: sendo que na lesão efetuada no TFDS direito (grupo tratado, GT), foram administrados 2,5mL de PRP ativado com cloreto de cálcio a 0,0125mol.L -1 , contendo concentrações variando de 320.000 a 500.000 plaquetas.μL -1 ; na tendinite do TFDS esquerdo (grupo controle, GC), foram injetados 2,5mL de solução salina a 0,9%. Após cinco dias, os The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of induced tendinitis in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses through ultrasonographic evaluation. Thus, six 8 to15-year-old healthy gelding horses ( x =12 years) were used. Tendinitis of the SDFT was provoked in both forelimbs via intratendineous administration of 2.5mg of collagenase (2.5mg.mL ), what was considered as beginning of the experimental phase. Twelve days after induced tendinitis, the horses were submitted to two treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right SDFT (treated group, TG), 2.5mL of PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125mol.L -1 , at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets.μL -1 , were administered; (2) in the tendinitis of the left SDFT (control group, CG), 2.5mL of 0.9% saline solution was administered. After 5 days, the animals were submitted to controlled and progressive physical activity during 30 days. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out before and after tendinitis induction (48 hours after and on experimental days 7, 12, 14, 21 28, 35 and 42), with tendon crosssectional area (CSA), lesion cross-sectional area (L-CSA), L-CSA percentage, severity and echogenicity of the lesion, as well as collagen fiber alignment being evaluated. The result revealed reduction (P<0.05) in the L-CSA and in the degree of lesion echogenicity in function of time, but with difference (P<0.05) between groups only for L-CSA, with smaller values in TG. The treatment with PRP promotes greater reduction in the area of the lesion measured by ultrasound.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica

et al. 2009

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“…To draw conclusions from those images to age, character and clinical impact of the lesions a certain experience of the examiner is required. Although studies could already show normal and abnormal appearance of the PSL (Labens et al 2010, Nagy und Dyson 2012, there is only one report where the imaging diagnosis of a clinical PSL injury was correlated to histology (Crass et al 1992). Histological examined clinical cases confirm interpretation of MRI and sonographic images and provide information for similar cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Desmopathy of the front proximal suspensory ligament in conjunction with a metacarpal cortical fracture in a horse: A multi-modality imaging study

Berner¹,

Gerlach²,

Brehm³

et al. 2015

PHK

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Summary: A Warmblood gelding with a grade 3/5 intermitted lameness was presented for nuclear scintigraphic examination, which revealed focal increased uptake at the left proximal metacarpal region ( Figure 1A). Radiographs of this region showed a radiolucent area surrounded by a thin, sclerotic rim. The horse died for reasons unrelated to the lameness. Following, the left forelimb was disarticulated at the elbow joint to further examine the proximal metacarpal region. Ultrasonography showed an enlargement and loss of fibre pattern of the medial lobe of the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) as well as a focal irregularity of the proximal palmar metacarpal cortex. On transverse T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images the enlargement of the medial lobe could also be detected. Additionally, extensive loss of connective tissue between the PSL and the third metacarpal bone and thickening of the palmar cortex of the metacarpus at this region were seen on MR images. These pathological abnormalities were also detectable with computed tomographic (CT) examination using the soft tissue window. However, CT also demonstrated the presence of a small radiolucent fracture line in the metacarpus. After summarizing all findings the imaging diagnosis of a unilateral, chronic proximal suspensory ligament desmopathy in conjunction with a cortical third metacarpal lesion of the PSL insertion was made. A pathohistological examination confirmed the described imaging findings at the medial lobe of the PSL. Focal areas of granulation tissue and small areas of ossification were detected. The small fracture line at the palmar cortex of the metacarpus was also confirmed by necropsy. Because of its ability to visualize osseous and soft tissue structures, CT-examinations are considered as useful supplementary tool to be included in ambiguous cases of PSL desmopathy.Keywords: horse / suspensory ligament / cortical fracture / computed tomography / magnetic resonance imaging Citation: Berner D., Gerlach K., Brehm W., Mülling C., Schöniger S., Lempe-Troillet A. (2015) Desmopathy of the front proximal suspensory ligament in conjunction with a metacarpal cortical fracture in a horse: A multi-modality imaging study. Pferdeheilkunde 31,[352][353][354][355][356]

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“…T1w sequences are useful for describing anatomical details (Werpy 2004, Tucker and Sampson 2007. In T1-weighted images, the postmortem synovial fluid and the articular cartilage have high signal intensity, while tendons and ligaments are of low signal intensity (Erickson et al 1991, Crass et al 1992, Erickson et al 1993, Kleiter 1999. However, when assessing the articular cartilage in living patients it has intermediate signal intensity with adjacent low signal intensity of synovial fluid (Stoller 1993, Haaga et al 1994.…”

Section: Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance protocols in equine lameness examination, used sequences, and interpretation

Jaskólska¹,

Adamiak²,

Zhalniarovich³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Magnetic resonance is a great diagnostic tool in equine lameness examination. Its value is most significantly visible in evaluating distal extremities. Problems with podotrochlear apparatus, laminitis or distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis are the most common disorders diagnosed in equine patients. Without using magnetic resonance it was impossible to clearly assess which structures are involved in each of these diseases. One of the most important things in MRI is the choice of sequence. Most commonly used are T1 GE, T2 FSE, STIR and T2* GE, in sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes. To make a reliable diagnosis it is important to compare findings in all these sequences.

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Magnetic Resonance, Ultrasound and Histopathologic Correlation of Acute and Healing Equine Tendon Injuries

Cited by 95 publications

References 11 publications

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica

Desmopathy of the front proximal suspensory ligament in conjunction with a metacarpal cortical fracture in a horse: A multi-modality imaging study

Magnetic resonance protocols in equine lameness examination, used sequences, and interpretation

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