Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on carbon nanosphere@Fe₃O₄ for enantioselective determination of eight triazole fungicides in water samples

Abstract

In this work, a carbon nanosphere decorated by Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared, characterized and used as the magnetic adsorbent. Eight commonly used chiral triazole fungicides, including penconazole, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, triazolone, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, triticonazole and epoxiconazole were extracted from two environmental water samples (river water and lake water) by magnetic solid‐phase extraction, followed by the enantiomeric analysis on a Chiralpark IC column coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to evaluate their possible stereoselective degradation occurring in the water samples. The possible factors affecting the extraction performance, such as amount of used adsorbents, pH and ionic strength of water solution, types and volumes of desorption solvents were systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, extraction yields of eight triazole fungicides were above 80% and the concentration factors were as high as 1000. Method detection and quantification limits for the enantiomers of eight triazole fungicides were in the range of 0.56–6.95 ng/L. Satisfactory accuracy (relative recovery 77.8–93.5%), good intraday precision (RSD 4.3–9.8%) and interday precision (RSD 3.1–7.9%) were also obtained. The developed method provided the simplicity of operation, rapidity and high enrichment factor, which can be used to monitor and evaluate the behavior of the individual enantiomer of chiral triazole fungicides.

Biosynthesized metal oxide nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture: next-generation nanotechnology for crop production, protection and management

“…The results demonstrated a high extraction percentage (above 80%) of the prepared nanoabsorbent in all cases. 102 Analogously, a Zr-based magnetic metal–organic framework was developed by immobilizing UiO-66 onto Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particles by a proficient single-pot solvothermal method and was used for adsorption of triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) fungicides from water by magnetic solid phase separation. 103 It was revealed that high saturated adsorption capacities were attained for TCS and TCC removal and the process was convenient, rapid and eco-friendly and can be recycled more than 11 times.…”

Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials in Agricultural Applications

“…The self-assembly of Fe 3 O 4 NPs onto the surfaces of carbon nanospheres resulted in a novel magnetic adsorbent that was used in the extraction of eight triazole fungicides from environmental water samples, demonstrating a high extraction percentage (above 80%) in all cases [99]. The enantiomers of the triazole fungicides under investigation were quantified by employing chiral LC-MS/MS, while the reusability of these adsorbents was experimentally verified, since high extraction yields were retained after ten adsorptiondesorption cycles.…”

Ultrasound-assisted switchable hydrophilic solvent-based homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazole fungicides in environmental water by GC-MS

“…They have efficient and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and play an important role in safeguarding agriculture. 1,2 For example, myclobutanil could be used against powdery mildew affecting vegetables. 3 However, with the intemperate use of these pesticides, they may eventually enter the aqueous system, penetrate the soil and enter the groundwater.…”