Magnetic solid‐phase extraction for determination of the total malachite green, gentian violet and leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet in aquaculture water by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract

In this study, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the sums of malachite green, gentian violet and leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet in aquaculture water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. This method was based on in situ reduction of chromic malachite green, gentian violet to colorless leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet with potassium borohydride, respectively. The obtained adsorbent combines the advantages of carbon nanotubes and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles in one material for separation and preconcentration of the reductive dyes in aqueous media. The structure and properties of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The main parameters affecting the adsorption recoveries were investigated and optimized, including reducing agent concentration, type and amount of sorbent, sample pH, and eluting conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection in this method were 0.22 and 0.09 ng/mL for malachite green and gentian violet, respectively. Product recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 92.8% with relative standard deviations from 4.6 to 5.9%. The results indicate that the sorbent is a suitable material for the removal and concentration of triphenylmethane dyes from polluted environmental samples.

Electrophoretically deposited sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) on a screw for microextraction of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions

“…For this investigation, the same analytes and comparable actual samples were also taken into account. Table 2 presents a summary of the comparison made between the current technique and several previously published approaches [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. for extracting and preconcentrating cationic dyes from aqueous matrices.…”

Determination of Pyrethroids in Paris polyphylla Sample by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Ultrasound-Assisted Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction

“…The magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized based on previous reports using some modifications [16, 17]. 4 g of carbon nanotubes was suspended in 200 mL of mixed solution containing FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O (17.4 mmol) and FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O (8.7 mmol), under ultrasonication for about 10 min.…”

Synchronous Construction of Hierarchical Porosity and Thiol Functionalization in COFs for Selective Extraction of Cationic Dyes in Water Samples

“…A convenient one-step reaction at mild conditions successfully carried out the conversion of microporous COFs into functionalized HP-COFs. Cationic dyes such as methylene blue, malachite green, and crystal violet have exploded into popular use as fungicides in aquaculture, but they have been banned due to their high toxicity, biological residue, and as they are environmental contaminants. − The thiol groups of HP-TpEDA-SH could specifically adsorb cationic dyes via electrostatic interaction, and the hierarchical porosity enabled the target analytes to enter the internal pores of the materials. Thereby, compared with microporous COFs, the extraction capacity of HP-TpEDA-SH for cationic dyes has been enhanced.…”